從無定賓語看指賓狀語句的句法構造

Studying the Syntactic Structure of Object-Modifying Adverbial Sentences from the Perspective of Indefinite Objects

指賓狀語句中的賓語通常是以無定的「數量名」形式出現，本文以此為出發點來考察指賓狀語句的句法構造。我們提出指賓狀語句是由重疊形容詞擔任外修飾語的數量名結構派生而來的。在最簡方案的框架下，我們提出指賓狀語句中有個沒有語音實現形式表「出現義或消失義」的輕動詞v，該輕動詞帶有不可解讀的無指特徵 [uNonspec]。在文中我們試圖證明由重疊形容詞擔任外修飾語的「數量名」結構不僅是無定的，還是無指的，它可以給v 所帶有的不可解讀特徵賦值。與此同時，我們假定指賓狀語句中存在一個焦點短語 Foc(us)P，它帶有不可解讀的焦點特徵 [uFoc] 並要求一個帶有 [+Foc] 特徵的成分給它賦值。由重疊形容詞擔任外修飾語的數量名結構是唯一一個可以同時給[uNonspec] 和 [uFoc] 賦值的成分，通過一致操作，從而生成指賓狀語句。

This paper explores the syntactic structure of object-modifying adverbial sentences (OMAS) from the perspective of indefinite objects, which are in the form of “Num(ber) + Cl(assifier) + N(oun)P.” It is argued that OMAS are derived through “Num + Cl + NP” with reduplicated adjectives as their outer modifiers. It is shown that “Num + Cl + NP” with reduplicated adjectives as their outer modifiers should not only be indefinite but also nonspecific. Based on this observation, under the framework of the Minimalist Program, it is assumed that there is a covert light verb v involved in OMAS. Denoting coming into existence or disappearance, this light verb v bears an uninterpretable nonspecific feature [uNonspec] which needs to agree with a nonspecific feature to erase its own uninterpretable feature. Meanwhile, it is assumed that a Focus Phrase with an uninterpretable feature [uFoc] is also involved in OMAS. It is proposed that only “Num + Cl + NP” with reduplicated adjectives as their outer modifiers can assign both values to [uNonspec] and [uFoc] through Agree, resulting in the successful derivation of OMAS.