常用漢字部件的位置規則性與位置自由度與其他文字特性相關之分析-以中文部件組字與形構資料庫為基礎

A Corpus-based Analysis of Radical Position and the Degree of Freedom of Permissible Positions and Examination of the Influential Radical Properties

漢字是由部件在二維的方形空間中排列而成。部件不但只會出現在特定幾種位置上（其可能出現 位置的數目即為位置自由度），並與某一特定位置有不同的關聯程度（其機率即位置規則性），例 如部件「扌」只出現在左側（如：換揮損搗撿擄等），而掌握這些組字規則的知識是識字教學的 重要環節。雖然如此，鮮少有研究檢視常用正體漢字部件出現在特定位置的機率，以及部件特性 與位置規則性之間的關聯。本研究採用陳學志、張瓅勻、邱郁秀、宋曜廷、張國恩（2011）11 種漢字結構，以及中研院的「五大字集部件表」的其中438 個部件，對「常用國字標準字體表」 （甲表）的4，808 漢字進行編碼。結果顯示：（1）平均每個部件只會出現在所有22 種位置中的 2.66 種；（2）所有部件的平均位置規則性為75.5%，且有140 個（33%）部件只出現在一個特定 位置；（3）當部件屬於非常用字時，位置規則性越高。整體研究結果支持漢字部件的位置規律性， 文末並討論此結果在識字教學上的意涵與可能的應用方式。

Chinese characters are composed of radicals appearing in non-linear spatial configurations. Although the visual complexity of Chinese orthography has been widely recognized， the probability that a radical appears in a permissible position within a configuration is yet to be investigated. This understanding of what patterns of radicals are spatially arranged would be crucial for mastering Chinese orthographic knowledge. The present study aims to analyze the positions of 438 radicals extracted from 4，808 most frequently used Chinese characters according to 22 permissible positions. The results reveal three main findings. First， on average， each radical has 2.66 permissible positions. Second， 33% of the 438 radicals exhibit extremely high position-based regularity (i.e.， they only appear in one particular position). Third， only the factor “non-character” could predict high position-based regularity. Overall， the findings spell out the statistical regularities underlying the composition of radicals and their arranged positions within different configurations. Supporting examples and the implications of these regularities for learning and teaching Chinese characters are offered and discussed.