以科技接受模式為基礎探討國際物流業導入及時追蹤系統之影響分析

The Impact Analysis of Implementing the Real-Time Tracking Systems in International Logistics Industry Based on Technology Acceptance Model

近年來，因應商業模式的改變，經濟部自2013年積極推動國際物流的革新，而國際物流業者為提升自身的競爭力，開始朝向電子化、資訊化發展，隨著資訊科技的蓬勃，網路的普遍，物流資訊的處理能力，變得更為重要。為了提供快捷的顧客服務，有效傳遞貨物流通的情況，就需要導入及時追蹤系統。本研究透過問卷調查的方式，採用SPSS統計軟體對回收資料進行信效度分析、T檢定及單因子變異數分析、迴歸分析等統計分析，來探討國際物流產業導入及時追蹤系統得過程中，使用者特性對於科技接受模式（TAM）之認知有用性、認知易用性、使用態度、使用行為意願、實際使用行為等各別構面是否具有影響；並進一步探討TAM各構面之間的因果關係。本研究共發放了180份問卷，回收156份，其中有效問卷為151份，有效問卷回收率83.89%。研究結果發現，科技接受模式各構面會受到年齡、婚姻、產業別、工作年資之影響，而完全不受到性別的影響；經由迴歸分析結果顯示，認知有用性與認知易用性對於使用態度、使用態度對於使用行為意願及使用行為意願對實際使用行為皆具有顯著正向的影響。最後，根據研究結果提出對於國際物流業者導入及時追蹤系統之管理建議。

In recent years, the implementation of innovation for international logistics industry (ILI) has been promoted by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, R.O.C since 2013 due to the change of business Model. To enhance the competitiveness, the ILI has been focusing on the electronic and informative development. It's getting important for dealing with information of cargo transportation. It's essential to implement the real-time tracking system for fast customer service and transportation efficiency. This research aims to study the effects of implementing the real-time tracking system in the ILI companies based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). In the study, the TAM involves five dimensions: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude of use, behavior intention of use, and actual behavior of use. The study, firstly, conducted whether user attributes have impacts on each dimension of TAM; furthermore, the relationships among those dimensions of TAM were testified. The surveyed data was collected by questionnaires. One hundred eighty questionnaires were distributed and 156 were collected, among those 151 were valid samples. The effective response rate of questionnaires was 83.89%. The statistical software of SPSS was used to performed the reliability analysis, validity analysis, T-test, ANOVA, and regression analysis. Results indicated that users' age, marriage, industry, years of work experience influenced on TAM, and users' gender has no effect. According to regression analysis, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use both have positive impacts on attitude of use, attitude of use has positive impact on behavior intention of use; behavior intention of use has positive impact on actual behavior of use. Finally, managerial suggestions regarding to the implementation of real-time tracking systems were provided to international logistics industry.