九尾狐：漢畫像西王母配屬動物圖像及其象徵考察

Nine Tails fox: The Research of Xi Wang Mu and Her Animal Images and Symbols in Han Stone Engraving

在漢畫像神話題材圖像中，最重要的神祇無疑就是西王母圖像系統。西王母是漢畫像中最主要的神祇，也是漢代信仰中最重要的女神。在漢代畫像圖像中西王母並非以單一主神孤立出現，其空間語境多有不同的動物圖像共同配置。考察現存漢代畫像材料，「九尾狐」做為西王母的配屬動物，其重要性並不亞於「搗藥兔」，且具有跨地域的現象。歷來對於九尾狐之研究，大都重視其祥瑞特質，或探究其在魏晉六朝志怪小說中狐妖變化的精怪神異敘事研究，並未重視漢畫像石中「九尾狐」與西王母間關係探討。本文即以「九尾狐」為探究對象，結合文獻分析及圖像學研究方法，探討九尾狐在傳世文獻與圖像資料間不同的敘事功能，考察九尾狐之在漢代墓室空間中與西王母之配置關係，進而探尋其圖像志意義與深層象徵意涵，以見漢畫像中西王母的神職以及九尾狐所具有之神聖敘事功能。

Xi Wang Mu image system is the most important divinity appeared in the mythical topic of Han stone engraving. In the study of Han stone engraving data, the “nine tails fox” is as important as the “pound medicine rabbit” with the Xi Wang Mu and her animal images, and also to be provided across the regional phenomena. Besides the study of the auspicious characteristic of the nine tails fox, and to probe into the supernatural stories or strange tales (ghosts, evils, spirits) of Wei Jin Dynasties (including 魏 Wei, 晉 Jin, 宋 Song, 齊 Qi, 梁 Liang, 陳 Chen, 北朝 Bei) for the changes of the fox spirit and the narrative of the mystical spirits, the paper would like to draw the intention to the relationship between Xi Wang Mu and the nine tails fox in Han stone engraving. The nine tails fox is the major object to be studied in my paper by using text interpretation and iconological method to analyse the narrative function between the historical records and image data of the nine tails fox, and also to study the disposition relations between Xi Wang Mu and the nine tails fox in the Han tomb chamber space. Lastly, proceeding thus to find out the meanings and symbols of the image data, which shows the divinity duty of Xi Wang Mu and the sacred narrative function of the nine tails fox.