〈四十二年逨鼎〉「□書」、「冊□」釋義――附「冊命銘文」名實辨正

On the Explanation of lai shu and ce lai in the 42-year Lai Ding; Also on the name and substance of Ce Ming Ming Wen

新出土之〈四十二年逨鼎〉屬非「冊命」性質的賞賜銘文，銘文中有「□書」、「冊□」二新見語詞。鼎銘之相關考釋甚夥，於「□」字多逕釋讀為「賚」，唯王輝先生曾詳加討論，其說據《說文》：「賚，賜也」，云「□書即賜書，冊□即冊賜」，然考諸西周銅器銘文與先秦文獻，此二詞之義終莫能明。本文擬對此問題重新檢討，由「□」字在銅器銘文中之用例出發，復與「冊命銘文」所記儀節程序及用語相互參證，並藉由新見語詞之探討，對援引銅器銘文「冊命」二字以命名之「冊命銘文」，提出命名原則之檢討。主要結論凡數事：一•「□書」之「□」（賚），在銘文、典籍中，絕不用於實際「冊命」過程，「□書」實有別於「冊命」時之「命書」，其意僅為記載賞賜之命的書簡，不具「冊命」意義。二•「冊□」於鼎銘中二見，首一「冊□」，未可比諸銘文中因省略文詞而出現之「冊易（錫）」，「冊□」係「以冊□之」之意。至於後一「冊□」，與「受冊，佩以出」比較，鼎銘或當讀為「受冊，□以出」，「□」假借為「繫」，「繫」與「佩」意義相近。三•據新見〈四十二年逨鼎〉，始知西周賞賜之命亦書於簡策，據此推尋「冊命銘文」命名之意，「冊命」之名與此類銘文「封官授職」之實，乃名實不相符，不若仍用舊稱之「錫命」以名之，既較近於古，亦較近於實。

This paper examines two issues. The first studies the explanation of lai shu and ce lai in the 42-year Lai Ding （四十二年逨鼎）.The meaning of lai shu is an account about rewarding, which has not the meaning of ce ming（Conferring Titles on nobility）.The meaning of ce lai（冊）is to reward according to the lai shu.The meaning of lai which after lai bai ji shou（逨拜稽首）should be xi（繫）.The other issue, which is even more important, concern the name and substance of Ce Ming Ming Wen（冊命銘文，The inscriptions which recorded the conferring titles on nobility）.The academic circles unanimously use the name of Ce Ming Ming Wen to name these inscriptions which were recorded the conferring titles on nobility now, but the name of Ce Ming can not summarize all peculiarities of these inscriptions really. These inscriptions which were recorded the conferring titles on nobility should be named Xi Ming Ming Wen（錫命銘文）.