杜牧詠史詩之時空結構──以時間空間化為論述主軸

A study on Dumu’s history-praising poems - emphasized on the time-spacialized theory

中國文士在重新思考、調整、建構個人主體性生命內涵及其與社會群體性之互動關係與互動方式時，往往逆向回溯歷史，以一種召喚應對、記憶重生的方式，營構出一個可以與歷史情境對話的精神世界，使自我生命得以回歸、主體精神得以超越。本文嘗試從杜牧詠史詩之時空結構，探究其時間空間化之形式結構及其形式結構背後所蘊涵之情感色彩與理性精神，並釐析其美感特質與文化意義，以深入掌握、體會杜牧之人格生命與心理情感。文中論述重點為：在時間空間化的詠史話語論述中，歷史／記憶／現實如何在杜牧的書寫時空維度下共構成一文化生活網絡？在史傳與詠懷統合的詠史詩審美規範下，杜牧如何透過一系列的修辭策略與轉義結構，串綰、疊置歷史時空與現實時空，組構出一種屬於詩人的新的心理現實，並更新了觀看、演述、評斷歷史的視野與經驗，而達致詠史詩書寫範式的移位。詠史詩中的時間空間化論述作為詩人反思歷史與現實關係的一種新現實文本，又如何展現出本源述體與投射述體高度混融的美感效果，並涵具自我／歷史／現實反思的向度，而傳送出詩人主體深刻的心理情感與巨大的文化心理效應。

When the traditional Chinese scholars reflected, modified and constructed the interactive relationship between the self-subjectivity and the social group, they used to trace back to the history with a way of recalling or reproducing the memory, and constructed the spiritual world which they could make the values of their lives return and the spirit of their self-subjectivity transcend the history. The attempt of this study is to analyze the structure of time-spacialization in Dumu’s history-praising poems and its implication on colorful emotions and rational spirits. The study also clarifies its aesthetic characteristics and cultural meanings to recognize and comprehend Dumu’s characters and emotions. The aim of this paper is to investigate how the history /memory /reality can be combined into a cultural network through the time-spacialized theory in Dumu’s writing. In accordance with the aesthetic convention, composed of biographic and lyric paradigm, in history-praising poems, this paper presents how Dumu constructed the psychological reality of the poet through a series of rhetorical strategies and figurative structures to connect the history and the reality, and how he renewed the view and the experience used to observe, recite and comment the history. This causes the changes in the writing model of the history-praising poems. Therefore, the time-spacialized theory in Dumu’s poems becomes a new model to reflect the relationship between the history and the reality. It also demonstrates the esthetic effect from the highly integrated objective and subjective narrators, and contained the reflection on the dimension of self/history/reality, as well as conveyed the subjectivity of the poet’s profound emotions and enormous psychological effect of culture.