北宋遺臣宇文虛中及其詩作探析

Analysis of Northern Song Dynasty Surviving Minister Yuwen Xuzhong and His Poetry and His Ci

本文以北宋跨金的文人宇文虛中的詩為研究對象，以「遺臣」一詞稱之，代表宇文虛中在「北宋」與「金代」二個興替的朝代都擔任要職，「遺臣」二字較「貳臣」侍奉二主用語更具有正面肯定意義，代表宇文虛中是在北宋亡國後，羈留於金朝，將北宋文化與文學帶到金朝，為金朝奠定典章制度。本文先說明宇文虛中的生平遭遇，使讀者更能夠透過歷史背景，瞭解宇文虛中對北宋與金代二朝文學傳承的貢獻，探討宇文虛中在史學家與文學家筆下的不同形象，再分析其詩歌主題中對於出使金國，卻羈留北方，不得歸國的憂愁心境。與詩歌中以陶淵明與蘇軾為典範的特色。最終就其詩申論其歷史形象，期望學者可以從多方面的角度，閱讀與理解宇文虛中詩作意義。

The poetry and ci by the literati Yuwen Xuzhong, who lived during the transition between the Northern Song Dynasty and Jin Dynasty, were the focus of this study. Yuwen Xuzhong is referred to as a surviving minister, meaning that he held important posts in both the Northern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty. The term surviving minister is more positive than the term two-time minister, meaning one who served two sovereigns. After the Northern Song fell, Yuwen Xuzhong remained in the Jin Dynasty, bringing the culture and literature of the Northern Song Dynasty to the Jin Dynasty and establishing the system of classics for the Jin. This study first explained the life events of Yuwen Xuzhong, using the historical background to understand Yuwen Xuzhong’s contribution to the literary heritage between the Northern Song and the Jin. This study also explored the historical image of Yuwen Xuzhong as created by historians and literary scholars. Then, this study analyzed the depressed mindset of the author due to remaining in the north after being an emissary to the Jin, as expressed in the topics of his poems, as well as the ways in which the poetry continues the Song poetry influence on the Jin. Finally, his poetry was used to discuss his historical image. It was hoped that scholars could use different angles to read and understand the meaning of the poetry by Yuwen Xuzhong.