台灣客家童謠及其文化意涵之研究

A Study on the Taiwan Hakka Child Rhymes and it's Cultural Meaning

自古以來，童謠富有啟蒙兒童智慧之功能，童謠也是幼兒學習母語的語言教材；童謠是一種帶有趣味性的兒童歌謠，是孩童們練習說話的工具。童謠除了唸誦之外，它有節奏，有韻腳，又有趣味，富有文學性，還可以配合遊戲。本文旨在分析台灣客家童謠豐富的內容及文化意涵，客家童謠扮演著客家社會幼兒啟蒙教育的功能，兒童從時唱童謠中學習豐富之客語詞彙，甚至從趣味中認識客家文化，童謠帶動了客家話與客家文化的傳承；兒童從小學習唸誦客家童謠，不僅有助於學會正確之客語咬字與發音，亦能夠從遊戲中認識客家語言文化之美。現今台灣傳統客家童謠，需要對散落於民間之客家童謠假以積極採集與數位化整理，並加以出版成冊或錄製成有聲書，以利於客家童謠之保存與推廣。同時，也要能符合時代潮流，配合現代兒童之需要，積極創作新的客家童謠，甚至譜以新曲，供各級學校之兒童們傳唱。本研究認為：台灣客家人必須正視客家童謠對客家語言傳承與認識客家文化的正面關係，加強傳統童謠採集與創作新的童謠，以彰顯客家童謠豐富之文化內涵。

Since long time ago, child rhymes have been a tool of enlightening the wisdom of children and a teaching material of learning native language. Child rhymes are full of fun and become a facility of learning to speak for children. There are rhythms, refined marks, fun, literary-like, and singing accompanied with games besides for recitation. Children have learned a large of Hakka vocabulary through recitation of them, which play an important role in enlightening children's education at the beginning. The paper aims at analyzing the contents and cultural meaning of Hakka child rhymes, hoping to stimulate the inheritance of Hakka culture. Now, we should make great effort to collect the scattered Hakka child rhymes and digitalize them. We should put them into publication and recorded the sound for circulation. We should compose new child rhymes for school children to pass from mouth to mouth. This paper claims that Hakka in Taiwan recognize the positive relationship between Hakka child rhymes and Hakka culture and put emphasis on the composition of child rhymes. Only on doing this can culture meaning of Hakka be revealed their fruitful cultivation.