站回古代時空以解析《詩經》

Stand in the ancients' position to know the Shijing

今人在研讀《詩經》時，難免會遇到許多爭議，從字形、字音、字義，以至詩的主旨、創作背景、賦詩言志等等問題。其實，大多數的爭議是可以透過理解而平息的。《孟子．萬章下》曾給我們「知人論世」的寶貴意見，古人所處的生活環境對當時的人、事、物可能產生不小的影響，所以，我們讀《詩經》怎麼可以不講究古代的時空背景呢？假使據今衡古、遷古就今，而不懂得以古還古的道理，想得到正解，簡直就是緣木求魚。本篇試著從各種不同的層面，包括文字的古音古義、上古名物制度、風俗習慣、山川地理、上古史事、時代見識與觀念、古人政治主張與情勢……等舉出實例，以說明站回周朝的時空來認識《詩經》，才是比較可靠的研究方法。

A now living person is hard to avoid facing a lot of disputes in learning the Shijing carefully, include from the models of written characters, pronunciations, the meanings of words, and even the substances of the poems, the creation backgrounds of those poems, the true heart will of the person who recited a poem, etc. Actually, the above all sorts of disputes can be dissolved through understanding. In order to solve the above dispute, 'WanChang, part II'in Mencius has given us a valuable opinion about the ability to understand people, their moral standing, integrity, ability, etc. and to ascertain the life environment that the person lived in. The ancient environment may influence the ancients' character and habits and customs. So, we must pay attention to the time and space background when read the Shijing. It is incorrect to stand at this people position inferring the ancients, or to force the ancients to cooperate with this persons' thought. This thesis tries to state from different aspects that it's a more reliable method to stand in the ancients' position to know the Shijing.