《論語古義》中所見伊藤仁齋之《詩經》觀

Views of the Shijing 詩經 in Itō Jinsai’s 伊藤仁齋 Lunyu Guyi 論語古義

學界論及伊藤仁齋《論語古義》的大多就其思想、翻譯、注釋法等論述。本文則關注仁齋《論語古義》中有關《詩經》的言論，得知仁齋處理《論語》中所出現的《詩經》言論，有論說、有解釋、有引《詩》以證己意等方式，他從《詩經》整體及《詩》教、學《詩》、《詩》效等大端入手論述他的觀點，而表現在《論語古義》中的則有「《詩》活物也」、「思無邪直也」、「《詩》無形也」、「以〈小序〉首句為斷」、「《詩》出於人情」、「《詩》之用廣矣」、「人情以《詩》而知」、「讀〈二南〉以廣視野」等觀點，凡此種種詮釋當然更可以體現仁齋之《詩經》思想。再輔之以「斷章取義」、「讀《詩》之法在讀者之所感」、「六義」、「美刺說」、「〈小序〉不可廢」、「（引《詩》）融活自在」等，則仁齋的《詩經》觀於焉詳備。

The majority of scholarly research on Itō Jinsai’s 伊藤仁齋 Lunyu guyi 論語古義 has focused on his thought, translation, and methods of annotation. This article examines Itō’s discussion and use of the Shijing 詩經 in the Lunyu guyi. It finds that the methods he employs to deal with Shijing-related passages in the Lunyu include exposition, interpretation, and quotation. He expounds his views on the Shijing as a whole, and moreover comments on its teachings, study, and efficacy. He views the Shijing as “alive,” “pure and direct in its thought,” and “formless;” he believes that the first line of the preface to each poem determines that poem’s meaning, and that the poems “stem from human emotion,” and “are broad in their use.” Itō asserts that through reading the poems, one can understand emotions, and that reading the “Ernan” 二南 chapter alone enables one to expand one’s perspective. These interpretative stances encapsulate Itō’s general thinking on the Shijing. Ito’s more nuanced views on the text can be seen in his statements on quoting the poems out of context; on how the reading of the poem depends on the reader’s experience; on the Shijing’s “liuyi” 六義; on the use of the poems to praise or ridicule; on the indispensability of the prefaces to each poem; and on the importance of freely quoting the poems.