文本之網：《古新聖經》與前後代《聖經》漢譯本之關係

The Relationship between Poirot’s Chinese Bible and Chinese Translations of the Bible Made Before and After It

法國來華耶穌會士賀清泰於乾嘉年間翻譯的《古新聖經》是現存最早的白話《聖經》漢譯本，該書根據天主教曾經通行的拉丁文武加大本《聖經》譯成，浩浩三十六卷，洋洋百萬餘言，堪稱明清天主教傳教士漢譯《聖經》文獻中篇章最著者。如此一部《古新聖經》並非橫空出世，此前陽瑪諾、白日陞等傳教士的相關漢譯實踐為賀清泰翻譯《古新聖經》提供了可資參照的經驗。同時，《古新聖經》也並未因為不曾付印而在歷史中塵封，後代的傳教士《聖經》漢譯者們仍然借助不同渠道，窺見這個珍貴抄本的面目，並在譯本中或保留了《古新聖經》的部分語彙，或傳承了它採用白話翻譯的方式。有鑑於此，本文擬通過對照細讀，分析《古新聖經》與產生於其前的《聖經》漢譯本——明末耶穌會士陽瑪諾翻譯的《聖經直解》及清初巴黎外方傳教士白日陞翻譯的《四史攸編》，以及產生於其後的《聖經》漢譯本——清末新教傳教士馬禮遜的《神天聖書》、郭實獵的《救世主耶穌新遺詔書》及1968年天主教思高聖經協會翻譯的《聖經》等文本之間的承繼與影響關係，探討《古新聖經》在前後代眾多《聖經》漢譯本織就的文本之網中獨具的特色與貢獻，明確它在《聖經》漢譯史上的位置。

Poirot’s Chinese Bible (Guxin shengjing 古新聖經), arguably the earliest biblical translation in vernacular Chinese, was made by the French Jesuit Louis de Poirot during the Qianlong-Jiaqing 乾隆-嘉慶 period. This thirty-six volume Chinese Bible, which was based on St. Jerome’s The Vulgate, the late 4thcentury Latin translation recognized as the authoritative Bible by the Catholic Church, is a valuable document that sheds light on the translation efforts of Catholic missionaries during the Ming 明 and Qing 清 Dynasties. Through a close comparison of select passages from different Chinese versions of the Bible, this paper explores the relationship between the Guxin shengjing, earlier translations of the Bible - in particular the Shengjing zhijie 聖經直解 by Emmanuel Diaz and the Sishi youbian 四史攸編 by Jean Basset – as well as later renditions such as Morrison’s and Gützlaff’s Chinese Bible, and Duns Scotus’ Bible. The aim of this study is to delineate the position of the never before published Guxin shengjing in the history of Chinese biblical translation.