俄國早期哲學中之「歷史性」：以《律法與神恩》為例

Historism in Russian Medieval Philosophy: Using “Sermon on Law and Grace” as an Example

本文敘述中世紀俄國（即所謂基輔羅斯）哲學之主要概念，並聚焦於其「歷史性」。由於「俄國中世紀之思想能否稱為哲學？」此一問題受到學者間之爭論，因而筆者首先須探討俄國早期哲學之存在問題；其次，筆者根據基輔俄國之史書（編年史）及宗教哲學作品闡明基輔羅斯之「歷史性」，亦即闡明古代作者如何詮釋全世界與古羅斯之歷史。最終本文嘗試以早期俄國哲學最著名之傑作──《律法與神恩》為例，具體地分析「聖言」及「歷史性」這兩個概念，顯示此作品其內容與之後俄國官方思想意識發展之聯繫。

This research examines the Russian medieval philosophy (philosophy of Kievan Rus’), focusing on its concept of “historism”. Firstly, the study tries to identify the existence of Russian medieval philosophy, that is if the Russian thought of XI-XIII centuries can be called “philosophy” and what are the points of view on it in Russian academic circles. Secondly, the paper analyzes the “historism” in Russian medieval works (chronicles and religious texts), i.e. how the Russian authors interpreted the world history and the role of Kievan Rus’ in it. The research is conducted at the example of “Sermon on Law and Grace” written in the XI century, it’s one of the earliest Slavonic texts available. The paper analyses the concepts of “sermon” (“slovo”) and “historism＂, and how it is connected to the Russian official ideology of medieval and modern Russia.