精神衛生學與現象學心理學－－兼談賓斯汪格的〈夢與存在〉

Science of Mental Health and Phenomenological Psychology-- Binswanger's 'Dream and Existence'

眾所周知，心理分析改變了傳統精神醫學處理精神衛生問題的方式。但也因為這個改變的效果，暴露出心理分析與傳統精神醫學所共享的生理學基礎有失真之虞。存在現象學解決了這個困難，但又過度地哲學化，造成臨床上實際應用的模糊與不便。本文藉由賓斯汪格的〈夢與存在〉與傅柯的〈夢、想像與存在〉，還原出現象學心理學是如何去解決道個瓶頸，也就是說，回到胡塞爾嚴格科學的立場，去除存在分析所殘餘的神秘色彩。

It is well known that psychoanalysis revolutionizes the way of traditional psychiatry in dealing with the mental health's problem. But, it is also due to this effect that the biological foundation which psychoanalysis shares with traditional psychiatry has been questioned. Existential phenomenology overcomes this difficulty, and yet, in their resolution, they puts too much emphasizes on the role of philosophy and causes some ambiguities and inconveniences of its clinical application. In this article, we would like to show how phenomenological psychology handles this bottleneck through Binswanger's 'Dream and Existence' and Foucault's 'Dream, Imagination and Existence', in other words, the existential analysis can be de-mystified through our way back to Husserl's position of 'rigorous science'.