手段乎？道路乎？黑格爾對方法式認讖論之批判及哲學方法典範之革命－－《精神現象學》〈導論〉部分一至八段落之詮釋

The Means or the Way? Hegel's Criticism of the Methodical Epistemology and his Paradigm-Revolution of Philosophical Method-- An Interpretation of Paragraphs 1 to 8 from the 'Introduction' of Phenomenology of Spirit

本文主旨在於對黑格爾《精神現象學》之〈導論〉之前半部，亦即第一段至第八段進行系統性詮釋。本詮釋之核心透觀在於，黑格爾不但在此部分對西方哲學發展至當時之顯學－方法式認識論及其所產生認識論式方法觀、亦即「手段」之為方法典範－進行方法學性後設批判（第一段至第四段），更在藉此揭示新的方法典範－「道路」（第五段至第八段），以奠基《精神現象學》論述思路及論證結構之構思。黑格爾首先對方法式認識論預設結構、其問題綜結、特別是其關鍵所在－中介性手段式方法－、乃至其所導致之真理弔詭危機，進行批判性反省與揭發，並在純粹思想上推演危機基設性解決方案諸可能性，接著導引出「正在顯象中知識之闡述」－亦即以道路為新方法典範之《精神現象學》論述思路及論證結構－為唯一可行的解決方案。黑格爾更進一步以「懷疑與絕望之道」及「自行實踐完成之懷疑論」指示此「正在顯象中知識之闡述」道路底出發點與基本特質，以「限定性否定」為道路演進之動力，終而預示道路之目的地。本文在學界中首次對〈導論〉第一段至第八段進行方法學向度詮釋，並為黑格爾自第九段落起對《精神現象學》一書本身論述思路之方法及基本論證結構底介紹部分提供系統性理解的預備工作。

The purpose of this essay is to systematically interpret the first part of Hegel's own 'Introduction' of his Phenomenology of Spirit, i.e. paragraphs 1 to 8. The thesis of this interpretation is that Hegel not only meta-methodically criticizes the methodical epistemology and its epistemological methodology, i.e. with the 'means' as its method-paradigm (paragraph 1 to 4); but also, corresponding to this criticism, introduces a new method-paradigm, the 'way' (paragraph 5 to 8), in order to create a basis for his reasoning of the exposition and the structure of the argumentation. This essay points out that Hegel first critically reflects the presupposition-structure of the methodical epistemology and discloses its problem-complex, especially the crucial point of this complex, i.e. this method as the intermediate-instrumental means and the crisis of the truth- paradox concluding from this complex. But then, he deduces the logical possibilities of the crisis-resolving project in the deep-dimension of pure thinking. The author explains that Hegel, following this line of thought, can only conclude that the only realizable framework is the 'exposition of the appearing knowledge' which takes the 'way' as the method-paradigm for the thought pattern of the exposition and the structure of the argumentation. Afterwards, Hegel determines the starting point of this way- the 'exposition of the appearing knowledge'-- as the 'way of doubt', or more precisely as the 'way of despair' and characterizes this way as 'the thoroughgoing skepticism' by which dynamics of progress are the 'determinate negation'. Finally, Luh points out in this essay that Hegel believes one can also anticipates the goal of this way. This essay methodologically interprets paragraphs 1 to paragraph 8 of the 'Introduction' in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit and thus provides a framework for the systematic understanding of the rest of Hegel's first epoch-making work.