明代高琦《文章一貫》研究

A Study on “Wen Zhang Yi Guan” by Gao Qi in the Ming Dynasty

明代高琦所編纂《文章一貫》一書，是中國「文話」發展史上一本極具開創性意義的書籍。此書體例，採取蒐集前人文論資料彙編成書的方式，這在高琦之前，其實已有許多書籍進行這項工作。然而這些書籍的作法，只是將資料收集之後，如流水帳一般地羅列出來，並未有效的進行系統分類，同時也沒有呈現編書者的文論思想，這種「雜抄式」的文論書籍，所具有的功能大抵只在於保存文獻資料，學術上的貢獻不免較為有限。然而在高琦《文章一貫》出現後，這種情況產生了質變，他將蒐羅的資料進行分類，而且為各類資料訂立標題，讓讀者明確地了解各標目內資料的屬性與內涵，這使得《文章一貫》從過去的雜抄式文論，蛻變成所謂類編式的文論書籍，同時他也透過按語和其他方式，將自身文論思想融入書中，增加了書籍內容的豐富性。由是可知，它的出現是辭章學發展上的一個燦爛亮點。本文的研究，主要是透過次級資料分析法，將辭章學相關著述與研究成果進行分析，以了解高琦《文章一貫》本身的內涵與特色。本文除了前言與結語外，正文共分三節，依序探討高琦《文章一貫》的體例、內容，以及它在辭章學上的貢獻。透過本文的研究，我們了解高琦《文章一貫》，除了讓「文話」從過去雜抄式的文論，蛻變成所謂類編式的文論外，也引導了後世同類文話書籍的編纂方式，這是非常了不起的成就。未來針對此書的研究，還可著眼於跟其它辭章學專著進行深入的比較分析，在相互對比映照的過程中，必能發現更多有關於此書的意義和價值。本文囿於篇幅，此一部分的研究，則只能期待於日後的探討，或是學界同好能一起進行發掘了。

The book “Wen Zhang Yi Guan” compiled by Gao Qi in the Ming Dynasty is a very groundbreaking book in the history of development of literary criticism. The style of this book is the collection of literary arguments and data of past scholars into a book. As a matter of fact, many books had been compiled using this style before Gao Qi. However, those books simply collected data and listed them out in an irregular manner, and did not effectively and systemically classify them. In addition, those books did not reflect the literary ideas of compilers, either. The function of such “miscellaneous copy” books of literary arguments probably is to preserve literature data only, and their academic contributions are relatively limited. However, after Gao Qi's “Wen Zhang Yi Guan” was published, this situation was substantially changed. He systematically classified the collected data, and set up titles for each category of data to enable readers to explicitly understand the properties and meanings of data under each title. As a result, “Wen Zhang Yi Guan” transformed the past miscellaneous books into the so-called categorical books of literary arguments. Moreover, he also used comments and other approaches to integrate his own literary ideas into the book to enrich the book content. Various approaches mentioned above also guided later compilation of similar books of literary criticism. Therefore, the academic achievements and contributions of Gao Qi's “Wen Zhang Yi Guan” cannot be overlooked. It is hoped that the investigation in this study can point out such achievements and contributions.