論牟宗三先生的經典詮釋觀：以先秦道家為例

On Mou Tsung-san's Views on Classics' Interpretation: Using His Pre-Ch'in Taoist Study as a Manifestation

本文撰寫的目的是試圖通過當代哲學詮釋學的視角來展示牟宗三先生的經典詮釋觀。儘管牟先生一生並未經歷西方詮釋學的洗禮，但在他那大量疏釋儒釋道三教的文字中，我們仍不難發現他對如何恰當詮釋經典實有其一貫的方法論主張。根據牟先生，要對經典有客觀恰當之了解必須依靠三個詮釋原則：即（文本）知識、（哲學）思考與詮釋者的（存在）感觸。有趣的是，牟先生的主張與哲學詮釋學的觀點竟有若合符節之處。而為了作更具體的說明，本文以牟先生的先秦道家研究為例。通過仔細的分析，我們將清楚看到牟先生如何依據他的詮釋原則將先秦道家之根本精神判定為一境界形態的形上學。

This paper attempts to expose the views of Mou Tsung-san on classics' interpretation in the light of contemporary philosophical hermeneutics. We argue that although Mou had never been influenced by Western hermeneutics, his methodological principles of acquiring an appropriate interpretation of canonical texts appear implicitly in his works especially those exegeses and commentaries. According to Mou, an objective and appropriate understanding of classics based on three interrelated hermeneutic principles: textual study, philosophical thinking and the existential correspondence of the interpreter. Interestingly, it is seemed that here lies a certain kind of similarity between Mou's views and their counterparts in the western philosophical hermeneutics. In order to have a concrete analysis, we use Mou's Pre Ch'in Taoist study as a manifestation, and try to show how he asserts that the spirit of Taoist philosophy is a special kind of metaphysics in the line of vision by following his hermeneutic principles.