朱子《易》學的貢獻

The Contribution of Chu Xi's I Ching Academic

《易》乃朱子重要學思經典，承前創新，反省至深。作為思想家，朱子偉大之處有許多面，特別在在易學方面表現得最為明顯。本文主要說明朱子易學的貢獻；首置前言，舉出近來學者對朱子易學的重要評價，末了作一結論。關於朱子易學的研究，前人說了不少，至於貢獻方面，說得並不全面，今為之補充，以表達他在易學，特別是《易》象數圖書學的貢獻。本文從以下說明朱子易學的貢獻：一、提出《易》本是個空底物事，括得盡許多道理；二、指出太極不離陰陽而在陰陽之中；三、原象數學為《易》的第一要義；四、主張取象有由來，推象求有用，避免滯泥不通；五、研《易》不可專主聖人，庶民都用得；六、讀《易》當分為三等以符卦爻辭之義；七、強調易為筮書以推原本義；八、朱子對筮法、占法的貢獻；九、朱子《易》圖書學的貢獻。朱子對《易》學的貢獻有一項是間接性的，也是長遠的，西方數學家兼哲學家萊布尼茲揭示六十四卦為二進制數學這個事實。《朱子本義》所附九圖是朱子《易》象數圖書學的根基，本文進一步考證其理應為朱子所附。

This paper begins with recent reviews on Zhu Xi's studies on I Ching and concludes with his original interpretations. There have been many studies on Zhu Xi's interpretation of I Ching, but none of them had a comprehensive view that clearly pointed out the originalities of his thoughts. This paper would re-evaluate and enumerate his contributions to the I Ching and especially Hetu & Luo Shu book studies. Zhu Xi's innovative I Ching interpretation includes: 1) Yi itself is an empty frame. 2) Tai Chi never leaves Yin Yang. 3) The mathematics of 'I Ching' is the origin. 4) All phenomenon can be traced, deduced and reasoned. 5) Yi is not exclusive to the saints. 6) Understanding Yi from three different perspectives: Fu Xi, King Wen of Zhou, and Confucius. 7) Yi itself is a book of divination. 8) Innovative interpretation of divination. These interpretations were criticized by the contemporary and later scholars. That is exactly why Zhu Xi was such a great thinker.