安德魯‧馬威爾五首詩中的英國地景花園

The English Landscape Garden in Andrew Marvell's Five Poems

地景花園是十七世紀英國文學的常見主題，許多詩人對此有所貢獻。其中，安德魯‧馬威爾（1621-1678）在五首詩中描繪地景花園，包括自然的外在世界與人的內在心靈。本文集中在馬威爾的五首詩，〈花園〉（1662）、〈割草者，對抗花園〉（1664-1665）、〈割草者〉、〈割草者對螢火蟲說〉（1667）、〈割草者之歌〉（1668），試探索詩人的自然哲學，特別是他對自然與人之關係的看法。馬威爾在這五首詩中顯露三度空間──田園詩、聖經、神話──自然哲學。他暗示，傳統田園詩架構下的自然哲學絕非是酒神式的放蕩行為，而是基督教的沈思冥想；見於〈花園〉。他在〈割草者，對抗花園〉中聲明，自然秩序而非自然中的人工裝飾，才是重要而值得注意的。自然與人之關係闡明於〈割草者對螢火蟲說〉、〈割草者之歌〉。筆者將應用地景理論以討論這五首詩，而證明馬威爾筆下，自然與人之關係模稜兩可的現象：不僅敵對亦是和諧。

Landscape garden is a recurrent theme in the seventeenth century English literature, and a number of poets have made contributions to it. Among them, Andrew Marvell (1621-1678) in his five poems depicts the landscape garden, including the external world in nature and the internal mind of mankind. Focusing upon the landscape garden in Marvell's five poems, 'The Garden' (1662), 'The Mower, Against Gardens' (1664-1665), 'The Damon Mower,' 'The Mower to the Glo-worms' (1667) and 'The Mower's Song' (1668), this paper aims to explore the poet's philosophy of nature, especially his perspective of the relationship between nature and mankind. In these five poems, Marvell reveals his philosophy of nature which is composed of three dimensions-the pastoral, the Biblical and the mythological. He suggests that the philosophy of nature, in the frame of traditional pastoral, tends to be by no means a Dionysian libertinism but rather a Christian contemplation observed in 'The Garden.' In 'The Mower, Against Gardens,' he declares that a natural order rather than an artificial decoration in nature is important and deserves attention. The relationship between nature and mankind is illustrated in 'The Mower to the Glo-worms' and in 'The Mower's Song.' The author will apply the landscape theory to the discussion on these five poems and would argue that the relationship between nature and mankind under the plume of Marvell presents an ambivalent phenomenon: hostile but harmonious.