孫德謙《六朝麗指》用典理論要義申說

The Discussion on Citation of Allusion in ＂Liu Chao Li Zhi＂ by Sun De Qian

孫德謙《六朝麗指》以六朝駢儷作品為探討範圍及核心，但書中並不完全著眼於駢儷辭藻豔麗的一面，卻極力推崇駢儷體製的優勢及藝術特點，對六朝文章用典法則、用典藝術等相關問題，也有相當翔實切要而又專門的探討。故本論文以此為切入點，將《六朝麗指》書中有關用典的見解加以綜理，除揭舉其所論六朝文用典的特殊性之外，並申論「運典五例」的意涵，探討闡釋各類型所舉的具體文例；最後則從創作的角度，務實來看駢體用典卻不致於僵化板滯的法則與規律。綜觀其立論，雖非面面俱到，涉及層面卻頗為多元，立論也自成體系，且有一定的理論深度，對於審辨六朝駢體的正面價值及用典的創作指導而言，深具重要的借鑒意義。

In the book, ＂Liu Chao Li Zhi＂ by Sun De Qian did research on the Six dynasties' paralleled prose, the book not only focus exclusively on its bright literary grace, but highly and strongly praised the advantages of the paralleled proses. Therefore the principle about citation, the art of allusions and other issues are quite detailed discussed in his book. First, this study analyzes the point of view on citation, discusses the distinguishing literal characteristic. Secondly, this study will try to explore various types of the examples and the meaning that they represent. Finally, from the creation point of view, this study will analyze the rules in the book about how to prevent paralleled prose from being rigid. In sum, the aspects of discussion are quite diverse, the theories are well constructed and have theoretical depth. The discussion on allusion by Sun De Qian can distinguish the positive value of the Six dynasties' paralleled prose, and will have a meaningful reference for the creation guidence of citation.