荀悅與荀學關係析論──以災異思想、天人關係為考察

Analysis of Relationship between Xun Yue and Xunzi Ideology- An Exploration on Calamity Theory and Heaven-Human Relation

漢人思考的氛圍以及孕育思想的土壤，跟「天人感應」有很大的關係，可以說兩漢思想，基本上是蒙上了一股神學的氛圍，故而在學術史上常常評價低落。勞思光稱之為漢儒之沒落，又以為東漢時中國心靈已極度空虛，遂而對佛學無力抵抗。然而，在之後還是有以儒為本的思想家，薩孟武提出漢魏之際的「荀派儒學」，陳啟雲寫《荀悅與中古儒學》，可以知道，荀悅是其中一重要人物。也就是說，荀悅在漢魏之際的轉變中，有著特殊地位，只是很可惜，如此位於複雜思潮之中的思想家，卻未能得到重視。荀悅作為東漢末年儒家思想的殿軍，以及為魏晉儒家思想的前導人物，的確標誌出了時代的意義。然而他究竟如何回應兩漢天人感應思想，又如何在漢魏之際，以儒學為本位立場出現，和汲取儒家中何種內在理路作為支撐？這些都是儒家思想在漢魏時期所必然面臨的新課題。本文以災異思想和天人關係為考察，論證荀悅與荀學的關係，然後知道，荀悅以荀子學說為其理路，回歸到先秦儒學主張，在兩漢神學氛圍下，挺立了儒家的道德精神。

As we all know, the thinking atmosphere of people in Han Dynasty and the land incubation of thought, all have a great relation with the ＂interaction between heaven and mankind＂, which can be said as the ideology of Western and Eastern Han Dynasties. It is basically covered with a theological atmosphere, and hence, it often has low evaluation in the academic history. Lao Sze Kwang thinks it as the decline of Han's Confucian thought, when people’s mind was extremely empty in the Eastern Han Dynasty, so that they were unable to resist the Buddhism. However, since that, there were still some ideologists who supported Confucianism, such as, Sa Mengwu, proposed ＂Confucianism of the Xun School＂ in Han and Wei Dynasties, and Chen Chiyun wrote a book of ＂Xun Yue and the Medieval Confucianism＂, where we can know that Xun Yue is one of important figures. That is, Xun Yue has a special status in the transition of Han and Wei Dynasties. Unfortunately, this Confucianism ideologist was not granted enough attention in the trend of complex thoughts. As the 3rd Confucians in late Eastern Han Dynasty and as well as a pioneer of Confucianism in Wei and Jin Dynasties, Xun Yue indeed shows his significance in eras. However, the issues, such as, how he responds to the ＂interaction between heaven and mankind＂ thought of Western and Eastern Han Dynasties, how he appeared as Confucianism standpoint in the Han and Wei dynasties, and his theory derived from what essence of Confucian, are new challenging topics for the Confucianism in the Han and Wei Dynasties which they must inevitably face. This paper is based on the exploration of the calamity theory and the relationship between heaven and human, discussing the relationship between Xun Yue and Xunzi Ideology. Therefore, we learn that Xun Yue advocated the Pre-Qin's Confucianism based on Xunzi theory and supported the Confucian spirit under the theological atmosphere of Western and Eastern Han Dynasties.