論詩歌與音樂之共性－－從言／音節出發的考察

On Similarities of Poetry and Music-From Yan (言) (Words) / Syllables

詩歌與音樂的關係極為密切，從發生的角度看，詩歌相當於歌詞，於是詩歌與音樂在這個基礎上有許多能使其緊密結合的共性。為了使詩可以歌，二者的契合，當然有一些必要的條件，格律化便是在這樣的需求中產生的，亦即格律從基本上規範了詩樂間的關係。本文主要談論詩歌與音樂之共性部分，詩歌與音樂的表現媒介同是聲音，這些聲音以「音節」為單位連綴起來，是兩者共同的發展基礎，也是二者共性的根源。詩歌的音節就是「言」，由於漢語與漢字的一一對應，長期以來形成「言」就是「字」的誤解，為釐清此一觀念，本文先析論「言」即「音節」，再從形式上探討詩歌與音樂的共性，包括素材、進行、句拍等方向。又因二者透過共性的結合，復論及格律化的問題。

The relationship between poetry and music is very close. From the perspective of occurrence, poetry is equivalent to the lyrics. In order to make the poems can be sung, the combination of poetry and music needs some necessary conditions. Metricalization is generated in such demand, that is, metricalization basically regulates the relations between poetry and music.This article mainly discusses the similarities of poetry and music. Both poetry and music express via sounds. These sounds join together to form meaningful and connotative statements or tunes. Syllable is the foundation for the development of both poetry and music and the root of their similarities. Syllable of poetry is ”words.” Chinese is a monosyllabic language, and Chinese characters are separate written characters. One-to-one correspondence between the two forms a ”words (syllables)” in ”words (characters)” misunderstanding. To clarify this concept, and easy to understand all the close relationships of poetry and music based on this, this article first analyzes that ”words” are ”syllables,” and then discusses the similarities of poetry and music in form from materials, progress, and syntax, and advances on integrating the crucial points of both poetry and music to discuss the problems of metricalization.