論清人古詩選集對鍾嶸《詩品》的接受與批評－－以王夫之《古詩評選》與陳祚明《采菽堂古詩選》為例

On the Acceptance and Criticisms of Zhong Rong's 'Shi Pin' of the Ancient Poems Anthology in Qing Dynasty-A Case Study of Wang Fuchih's 'Selection of Old Poems and Critiques' and Chen Zuoming's 'The Selective Ancient Poems Written in the Cai Shu House'

清代《詩品》學的研究，過去只著重《詩品》的版刻、校注與相關的詩話上，都忽略了在總集選集方面，清代學者對鍾嶸《詩品》研究所呈現的意義與價值，筆者以為鍾嶸《詩品》學在清代的研究上，如果能把研究視野擴大到詩選總集，則清代的《詩品》學的研究應仍十分可觀，鍾嶸《詩品》在清人的心目中，並不像表面所看到的那麼孤獨寂寞。本文以清初著名的詩選集王夫之《古詩評選》與陳祚明《采菽堂古詩選》為例，說明清人所編選的古詩選集，在研究清代鍾嶸《詩品》學所具有的價值與意義。王夫之《古詩評選》評詩很少引用前人著作文獻，包括鍾嶸《詩品》，也不見他對任何一個三品中詩人評論的全文引錄。雖然如此，並不表示他沒有注意到《詩品》這部最早評論漢魏以迄齊梁古詩的專著。在《古詩評選》中他對鍾嶸《詩品》的意見，有接受，也有批評。接受的部分，他肯定了鍾嶸對諸多漢魏以迄齊梁詩人的評價，批評的部分，則充份顯示了他個人的好惡。陳祚明《采菽堂古詩選》於鍾嶸《詩品》幾乎全文引錄，惟其引錄皆錄自馮惟訥《古詩紀》，而非《詩品》原書。就他引錄之後另加批評詮釋者而言，對鍾嶸的批評意見，否多可少，這種反鍾的意見與態度，對晚清陳衍撰《詩品平議》有很大的影響，陳衍批評鍾嶸《詩品》的意見，有不少都直接間接來自陳祚明《采菽堂古詩選》。陳祚明對鍾嶸的批評主要集中在幾個部分：一是體源問題，二是詩人風格技巧問題，三是詩人成就的比較問題。陳氏的這些反對鍾嶸的批評，雖未必言之成理，但也自有他的立場和看法，而有些則實為誤讀、誤解，當分別看待。

While the past studies of Shi Pin in Qing dynasty only focused on the versions of printing, annotations and relevant critiques of poetry, ignoring the meaning and value which the Qing scholars had contributed in the aspect of poetry selections; this study believes that if the vision of related study can be expanded to poetry selections, the result should be very significant. In the eyes of Qing people, Zhong Rong's Shi Pin wasn't as solitary as it seemed. This study aims to clarify the meaning and value of the ancient poem anthology edited by Qing scholars while doing research about Qing people's study about Zhong Rong's Shi Pin; by using the cases of the famous selections in the early Qing dynasty, Wang Fuchih's Selection of Old Poems and Critiques and Chen Zuoming's The Selective Ancient Poems Written in the Cai Shu House.In Wang Fuchih's Selection of Old Poems and Critiques, he rarely quotes works written by former scholars, including Zhong Rong's Shi Pin; neither do we see he cites any of the poet commentaries that are included in the ”Three Pin” in Shi Pin. Even though, it does not show that he didn't notice Shi Pin, the earliest critique which comments on ancient poems from Han Wei to Chi Liang. There are both acceptance and criticism judging from his opinions to Zhong Rong's Shi Pin in Selection of Old Poems and Critiques. As acceptance, he acknowledges Zhong Rong's evaluation on various poets from Han Wei to Chi Liang; while as criticism, he clearly shows his personal likes and dislikes.Chen Zuoming's The Selective Ancient Poems Written in the Cai Shu House nearly quotes all the articles in Zhong Rong's Shi Pin; only that they are quoted from Fen Wei Ne's Gu Shi Ji, not the original Shi Pin. From his criticism and interpretation after the quotation, his opinions of Zhong Rong are more of depreciation rather than appreciation. This altitude and opinion of anti-Zhong had great impact on Chen Yan's Shi Pin's Common Discussion in the late Qing dynasty. Much of Chen Yan's criticism of Zhong Rong's Shi Pin comes from Chen Zuoming's The Selective Ancient Poems Written in the Cai Shu House directly or indirectly. Chen Zuoming's criticism of Zhong Rong focuses on several parts; first being the origin of the poetry style; second being the skill and style of poet; third being the contrast between achievements of the poets. Although these criticisms from Chen do not seem all reasonable, they do possess his own viewpoint and stand. However, some of them are in fact results from misreading or misunderstanding, and thus are required to consider separately.