佳期一夢斷人腸－－夏完淳《玉樊堂詞》析論

Dreams of Good Times Were So Sad-An Analysis of Xia Wanchun's Yu-Fan Tang Ci-Peotry

夏完淳(1631-1647)是詞史上少見既天才又用功的詞人，現存詞作為《玉樊堂詞》一卷41首。《玉樊堂詞》在內容上除少數直抒亡國的深哀巨痛與堅貞志節外，其餘詞作從表面看，大多是閨怨情懷的敘寫。但在至情至性、詞體意識、新婚乍別與國破家亡等各種主客觀因素的相互交織影響下，其豔情竟與憂國合而為一。不但常見浪漫的夢境意象，並以香草美人寄寓幽人之貞，且在修辭技巧、用韻與選調上亦相對講究，從而形成其詞作淒豔柔婉與慷慨悲涼並陳的風格。細玩夏完淳《玉樊堂詞》，其真情至性的抒情方式，不但忠實反映他的生活樣貌與思緒內涵，且寄寓他從事復國運動的種種心路歷程，具有深刻的時代意義，故能突破雲間詞派為人所詬的忽略現實與長調不足等局限。可惜天不能假之以長年，致使如此的突破亦隨其未酬之壯志而煙消雲散，徒留寓怨懷遠之詞章，與高潔芳華的魂魄相輝映，供後人憑弔垂念。

Xia Wanchun (1631-1647) was both the genius and hard ci-poet. His ci-peotry was Yu-Fan Tang. In content, excepted for a few directly expressed the pain of losing his coutry. Most were the narrations of boudoir feelings. But under the factors of his true feelings, ci-poe awareness, national and family breakdown, his love and patriotism were into one. His ci-poet style was not only romantic but also desolate.Yu-Fan Tang Ci-Peotry had the profound sense of the times. And it reflected the real world. So Xia Wanchun could breakthrew the shortcomings of Yunjian Ci-peotry. Unfortunately, he was dead when he was so young. His achievements had followed the end of his life. Only leaving his excellent work and noble character for future generations.