論李維楨的文學史觀

Wei-zhen Li's View of Literary History

復古派文人，非常重視對文學傳統的省察。本文所要探討的李維楨，為王世貞晚年所選定的「末五子」之一。因此，他的論點既既指出晚明文人的時代議題，也代表復古派後期詩史觀的走向。本文分三個層次來討論：一，詩與史的關係。在辨體的要求下，敘事可能傷害詩之體，但李維楨從「詩以觀政」的角度來談，詩與史的關係是密不可分的。二，「代變」的歷史觀。李維楨一方面從政治上的興衰，來說明詩之「格以代降」；另一方面卻也承認「一代即有一代之詩」，每個時代文學各有擅場。雖然以不同的觀點來看待文學史發展，有兼容的意義，但其理論也不可避免地有所矛盾。三，明代文學的地位。李維楨從盛衰循環的規律，歸納出明代為文學發展極盛的時代。但事實上，他也提出許多憂心之處。他所建構出的歷史，正是要對治他所見詩道衰頹的景象。

This Thesis focuses on Wei-zhen Li, who was chosen by Shi-zhen Wang as a member of the Last Pentaschool. Since all the members of Classiscist School paid attention to review literary traditions, Li's viewpoints represent both the agendas of the certain epoch which litterateurs of late Ming Dynasty would concern and the direction of the historical angle advocated by the late Classiscist School.Three layers as follow are suggested to discuss:1. The relationship between poet and history. Under the aspect of formalism, describing a fact maybe harmful to the formality of poet. Li, on the other hand, observed this with the idea ”understanding politic via poet.” This idea broke the boundaries between poet and history.2. The historical angle of ”style/character shifting by era.” Li explained the phenomenon ”the character is always lower in the later era”, but he also admitted that ”each era got its own poet,” which means there were nothing about moral value but only differences between poets from eras. He tried to balance his opinion by treating the expansion of literature history in two different ways, but, unavoidable, this made his theories self-contradictory.3. The historical value of Ming Literature. Based on the concept ”the rise and decline of eras is a circle,” Li considered that the Ming Dynasty's Literature would be on the high peak on history. But he also pointed out a lot of phenomenon should be worried about. The history which Li constructed represents the effort he had done to rescue the weakness of Ming Literature.