依字行腔的吟誦譜曲法

The Method of Verse Reciting and Musical Composition of 'Yi zi xing qiang'

世界上許多民族的語言和他們的民族音樂大都維持著一種密切的關係，同樣的，漢族的音樂也和漢語之間維持著緊密的關連。在中國廣闊的幅員裹，分布著各種不同的地方語言，因而也形成了各種不同的地方音樂或地方戲曲。「戲曲唱腔」正是在這種地方語言和地方音樂交互影響下的特殊產物。無論以任何一種方言吟詩，基本上也都是以其語言聲調（語調）旋律高低所形成的模型架構作為基礎，進而吟誦出較具音樂旋律的詩句，這種吟誦旋律的模型和語調旋律的模型是相似的，亦即調值上的高與低、上行與下降等，都不能有所衝突，這就是所謂的「依字行腔」。這種吟誦的方式，對於同樣的一首詩詞，在不同時地所吟誦出來的旋律，都會有稍微不同的表現，然而再怎麼不同，它的基本模型卻都是相似的，也就是音符的高低、旋律的升降、節拍的長短等基本模型架構，主要都是依據語言腔調旋律及其平仄節奏而來，不能有所衝突，這種吟誦方式即稱之為「依字行腔」的吟誦，而依據這種原則來創作新的吟誦曲譜即是本文所要探討的重點。

In this world, the languages of many races maintain a close relationship with their own ethno-music; likewise, the music of Han people has a tight and inseparable correlation with the Chinese language. All sorts of diverse local languages scatter within the vast territory of China; as a result, various kinds of local music or local operas/ dramas have taken shape, and ”music for voices in a Chinese opera” is a special product under the mutual influence of local language and local music. When reciting poetry with whatever dialects, basically, the model structure formed by the high and low of melody of language tone (intonation) is taken as the foundation, and a more musical verse can be recited further; this kind of model of recitation melody is similar to the model of intonation melody, namely, the high and low, and ascending and descending of tone shall not have conflict, and this is the so-called ”yi zi xing qiang (to sing according to the tone of characters).” With this method of recitation, the melody of the same poem will have a slightly different performance when it is chanted at varied places and time; yet however different, the basic model is similar, that is to say, the basic model structure such as the pitch of musical note, the ascending and descending of melody, and the length of meter should generally follow the dialect accent melody as well as the level and oblique tones and rhythm, without conflict. This kind of recitation method is the recitation of ”yi zi xing qiang,” and to compose a new score in accordance with this principle is the research's focal point of exploration.