論孟瑤小說《風雲傳》之歷史想像

Historical Imagination in 'Feng Yun Zhuan', by Meng Yao

九○年代，文學界開始興起一股文學史重構的風潮，文評家注意到五○年代這個一方面充滿官方意識型態，一方面卻存在「另一股暗流」的特殊文學場域。而當年被視為缺乏社會意識的孟瑤，再度以「逸出反共文學」的姿態重返文學史。多數的評論者（特別是從女性意識出發的研究觀點），將眼光集中在孟瑤五○到六○年代的小說創作，著重其作品體現女性以「私我」對抗家國論述之特殊義涵。相形之下，孟瑤在七○年代以後，戮力於歷史研究，提筆寫下超過百萬字的歷史小說，則較未受到注目。然而，以今天的眼光來看，這些作品不但是孟瑤創作晚期的里程碑，更是個人歷史觀察的總和，在《鑑湖女俠秋瑾》、《杜甫傳》、《風雲傳》、《英傑傳》、《龍虎傳》等多數以「傳」為題名的歷史小說中，以《鑑湖女俠秋瑾》成書最早，《風雲傳》成書最晚。其中《風雲傳》這部超過四十萬字的歷史長篇，不但可以視為孟瑤心血的結晶，更是作家晚年最後的封筆之作。《風雲傳》將歷史重新鎔鑄，創造了屬於女性作家視角的歷史小說。這部作品究竟是以甚麼樣的觀點書寫的？背後又存在著甚麼意義？本文將以此為論述主軸，說明孟瑤歷史小說《風雲傳》文本之特殊意涵。

As a trend to reconstruct the literary history hit the literary sector in the 1990s, the critics noticed that the special literary field of the 1950s was filled with the official ideology on one hand and an ”undercurrent” on the other hand. Meng Yao, who had been considered to lack the social consciousness, returned to the stage of literary history as a writer of ”excelling anti-communism literature.” Most critics, especially those researchers from the perspective of the feminine ideology, focused on the fiction that Meng Yao composed between the 1950s and 1960s and on her works that reveal the special meaning in the feminine fight for ”private self” against the state theory. Nevertheless, the historical novels with millions of Chinese characters that Meng Yao composed during her historical studies since the 1970s did not catch the eye. Today, these novels are both the milestone in the latter stage of Meng Yao's literary composition and the accomplishment of her historical observations. Among the historical novels, most of which were named with the Chinese character ”Zhuan” (Meaning: Legend), ”Qiu Jin: Female Knight-Errant of the Jian Lake” is the earliest novel, while ”Feng Yun Zhuan” is the latest one. Some other ”Zhuan” novels are ”Du Fu Zhuan”, ”Ying Jie Zhuan”, and ”Long Hu Zhuan.” ”Feng Yun Zhuan”, a historical novel with more than 400,000 Chinese characters, is not only the accomplishment of Meng Yao's historical studies but also the last work in her latter stage of literary composition. ”Feng Yun Zhuan” retold the history and created a historical novel with the ”feminine perspective.” In what kind of feminine writer perspective was that novel written? What was hidden as the ”undercurrent” meaning? To find out the answers, this study will unlock the special meanings of ”Feng Yun Zhuan”, a historical novel by Meng Yao.