從因地工夫與果地境界看郭象與莊子思想的異同

The Differences between Chuang-tzu and Kuo-hsiang under the Process and Outcomes Realm of saint-becoming

本文主要就思想史上傳統成聖歷程中的「因地工夫」與「果地境界」的層次問題來論述郭象與莊子思想內容的異同。本文先從莊、郭二人所處時代的同質性與異質性論起，而以莊子重「心」，郭象重「性」的不同為基礎進而分析二人在「生命主體性」、「有待無待」以及「帝王與士人之德」等諸多問題上的差異。本文認為：郭象對莊子的誤詮，確實造成了二人在某些思維方向上的不同；但如果就思想理路的引申與涵蓋而言，則二人的思想其實也並不衝突，原因在於莊子的道家思想與郭象的玄理，原本就含有類似佛家不二法的「體用一如」的圓融性。也因此造成了「思想本身的內涵意義」和「思想落在某一特定時空後所反射出來的時代意義」之間的不同。

This article focuses on the topic of differences between Chuang-tzu(莊子) and Kuo-hsiang(郭象) under the issue of process and outcomes realm of Saint-becoming. On this issue, Chuang-tzu thought of both the process and outcomes realm of a saint, and Kuo-hsiang ignored the former and attached to the outcomes realm of a saint. This difference made Chuang and Kuo be divergent on many issues such as noumenon of life, correspondence between life and environment and the inner life essence of intellectuality and supreme ruler. But on the other point of view, the difference between Chuang and Kuo concerned only with the inner meaning of thoughts itself or there location on a specific world. So they could be homologous on the higher lever of thinking.