試論五臟附五行學說－－從章太炎「五臟附五行不定說」談起

The Discussion of Five Zang Organs to Five Elements -- from Mr. Zhang Taiyan's Theory “It Is Not Surely a Correlation between the Five Zang-Fu Organs and the Five Elements”

民國初年國學大師章太炎先生，提出「五臟附五行不定說」，重新檢討了傳統中醫五臟學說。 近二十年，某些醫家注意到，這個問題還有討論的空間，相繼提出新的論點與看法。本文從研究兩漢先秦文獻記載的角度，從章氏所引用的資料為出發點，試圖找出爭議的焦點。並從今古文《尚 書》所載的五行說，先秦兩漢典籍所載五行說及醫療相關記載，《內經》相關篇章成書年代的探討等面向，認為五臟附五行的兩套學說，與今、古文兩《尚書》流傳背景無關，早在戰國末年中醫所 使用的五臟五行觀業已成型。因此，從兩組「五臟配五行說」為出發點的討論方式，應該被質疑。 傳統中醫所使用的五臟學說適用與否，應該要回歸到臨床醫療中去作檢驗。

In early republic of China, Mr. Zhang Taiyan, master of Chinese studies, proposed that “it is not surely a correlation between the Five Zang-Fu Organs and the Five Elements” and critiqued the Five Zang-Fu theory in traditional Chinese medicine. In the recent 20 years, some doctors noted that there was room for discussion on this topic and present new postulates and perspectives. From the perspective of the literature and records from pre-Qin period and Han Dynasties, this paper views that the two sets of theory on “Five Zang-Fu Organs to Five Elements” have no relationship to the modern and ancient texts of Shang Shoo, the Book of the History. Determination can be made that the Five Zang-Fu theory in Chinese medicine took its form prior to the Qin and Han dynasties.