族群接觸機會？還是族群競爭？：本省閩南人族群意識內涵與地區差異模式之解釋

過去關於台灣民眾族群意識之研究，通常比較沒有考慮地區差異。在近年來族群意識急遽變遷的狀況下，地區差異的重要性逐漸被注意到。本文的目的，在於對地區差異現象發生的原因、程度、及結果，提出初步的解釋。本文首先重新檢討「族群意識」之理論意涵，並且提出以「族群差異認知」作為測量工具以分析族群意識的模式。其次，本文根據族群意識發展的人口比例與政治條件基礎，指出台灣目前不同族群背景者的族群政治意識發展程度不一。另外，本文也根據人口比例不對等的因素，提出只有本省閩南人的族群意識有地區差異之假設。第三，針對閩南人族群意識的地區差異，本文討論了兩種文獻中的解釋：「族群接觸論」及「族群競爭論」。本文的經驗分析結果顯示：在族群政治意識的強度上，具有外省背景者最強，而本省閩南背景者次之。在四個族群類屬中，只有人口佔多數的本省閩南背景者之族群意識有地區差異，其餘人數較少者則無。造成上述地區性差異的主要因素是地區的族群政治競爭與政治動員；族群接觸則沒有降低族群分類意識。

In light of increased ethnic consciousness in 1990s Taiwan, the importance of regional differences has gradually gained recognition in the ethnic relations literature. In examining the causes, patterns, and consequences of these regional differences, the author based on his re-evaluation of the theoretical implications of ethnic consciousness-suggests that it should be measured in terms of 'perceptions of ethnic differences.' By analyzing demographic profiles and potential for political power, it is argued that variations in ethnic consciousness among Taiwan's four major ethnic groups reflect different degrees of ethnic political mobili7ation. It is also suggested that--given disparities in group size--regional differences in ethnic political consciousness are only found in the largest of the four groups, the Holos. Using data from a national survey conducted in 1999, the author found that a) members of the Waisheng group have the highest degree of ethnic political consciousness, just ahead of the Holos; b) only one of the four ethnic groups on Taiwan (the Holos) show significant regional differences in ethnic political consciousness; and c) these differences are the result of ethnic competition rather than ethnic contact.