論歐盟知識產權海關執法制度的對內統一化與雙邊國際化

The Internal Unification and Bilateral Internationalization of EU Customs Enforcement System of Intellectual Property Rights

從20世紀80年代開始，歐盟相繼制定了《第3842/ 86號條例》《第3295/94號條例》《第1383/2003號條例》和《第608/ 2013號條例》，對內逐步統一各成員國的智慧財產權海關執法制度，大幅度提高了海關智慧財產權執法的主動性和效率，為歐盟智慧財產權權利人的權益提供了制度保障。與此同時，歐盟也通過簽訂FTA的方式向外推廣歐盟的內部標準，促進其智慧財產權海關執法制度的國際化，其中有代表性的是《歐盟－－加勒比論壇EPA》《歐盟－－韓國FTA》《歐盟－－新加坡FTA》《歐盟－－加拿大CETA》這4個FTA。2015年，我國仍然是歐盟打擊智慧財產權侵權的重點國家。對此，我們應當適當地借鑒歐盟經驗,調整執法客體範圍，改進執法程序，建設電子海關，提高執法技術，加強與其他國家的合作。

From the 1980's, the EU has adopted successively Council Regulation(EEC) No 3842/86, Council Regulations (EC) No 3295/94, No 1383 / 2003 and No 608/2013’ and unifiedgradually the members’ customs enforcement system of intellectual property rights, which promoted significantly the initiative and efficiency of EU customs enforcement of intellectual property rights and provided institutional guarantee for intellectual property rights holders in EU. Meanwhile, the EU also spreads its internal standards outward by means of signing FTAs with other countries so as to promote the internationalization of its customs enforcement system of intellectual property rights, typical FTAs include the EU-Cariforum Economic Partnership Agreement, the EU-Korea Free Trade Agreement, the EU-Singapore Free Trade Agreement, and the EU-Canada Comprehensive Trade Agreement. China is still regarded by EU as a main country concerning the infringement to intellectual property rights in 2015. Thus, we shall appropriately draw on experience from EU, adjust the objects range of customs enforcement, improve enforcement procedures and techniques, advance the construction of e-customs and strengthen the cooperation with other countries.