明書畫家徐渭與清書家康有為的共通性及其教育啟示

Commonalities and Revelations on the Works of Ming Dynasty Calligrapher Xu Wei and Qing Dynasty Calligrapher Kang Youwei

明書畫家徐渭（字文長，1521-1593）隨興生發式書法與大寫意畫風及其對書畫藝術的論點，清書家康有為（號長素，1858-1927）《廣藝舟雙楫》所倡書論及其書藝實踐，在明清二代大放異彩，並對後世產生影響。本文採取文本分析法，旨在歸納徐渭與康有為兩人的共通性，並據以提出教育啟示。他們的共通性有五：（一）幼年失怙乏恃，（二）自少好學勤練，（三）嚮往心學佛學，（四）尚重自主意識，（五）勇於獨創風格。其教育啟示有四：一是成就無論出身成長條件，二是學習態度方法務求正向，三是技巧學問兩者不可偏廢，四是自主性與獨創性之形塑。這些共通性與教育啟示，對今日藝術教育的理念與實務應有參考價值。

The development of Xu Wei’s unique minimalist, freehand style and Kang Youwei’s influential review of (Guang Yi Zhou Shuang Ji ) are extraordinary achievements of the Ming and Qing dynasties that have had a significant impact on Chinese calligraphy.This article seeks to analyze certain commonalities among the painters. The first part looks to several shared life experiences: growing up as an orphan; focus and diligence on studies as an adolescent; leanings toward Buddhism; self-awareness; and the embracing their own creativity. The second part puts emphasis on their acquired revelations: success independent of one’s economic background; the importance of a positive attitude toward learning; skill and knowledge as equally valuable traits; the innate independent and creative nature man.These shared commonalities and revelations have contributed greatly to modern calligraphic art and philosophy.