綠色供應鏈中供應商管理機制對交易成本影響之探討

How Supplier Management Practices Affect Exchange Cost when Going Green: An Empirical Study

本研究從綠色供應鏈管理的角度出發，以台灣電子製造業為研究對象，了解企業對關鍵零組件供應商的依賴程度、企業本身投入綠色活動的積極度，兩者對供應商管理方法的選擇、以及企業與供應商交易的過程中所衍生的各種交換成本，即外顯單位效益成本、資訊搜尋成本、道德危機成本與專屬資產陷入成本之影響，並進一步找出對這四個交換成本有顯著影響的供應商管理方法為何。本研究採用問卷調查的方式，以1263家的台灣電子業上市公司作為抽樣對象，並回收186份（其中可用為174份），回收率為14.73%。有效樣本之統計分析結果顯示：企業對關鍵零組件供應商的依賴程度、以及企業本身投入綠色活動的積極度，兩者會造成企業在選擇供應商管理方法上有所不同，因而對交換成本有不同程度之影響。當企業投入綠色活動的意願愈高，愈會選擇多種的供應商管理方法來加強對供應商的控制，藉以確保供應商提供的商品能符合企業的需求，而這類型的企業在與供應商交易的過程中，總體的交換成本是相對較低的；相反地，當企業較不積極地投入綠色相關的活動時，也會較不投入於供應商管理，總體的交換成本較高，特別是在企業對供應商的依賴程度愈低時，整體的交換成本愈高。而在供應商管理方法中，最能有效降低交換成本的方法為「關係品質」，即企業與供應商之間擁有共同的目標、將品質列為優先考量、彼此之間存在信任、並且了解雙方的需求。

This paper aims to empirically examine the relationship among firms’ attitudes toward green, dependence to supplier, supplier relationship management (SRM) practices, and exchange cost. It collected quantitative data by conducting a questionnaire based survey. The main objects are firms in the high-tech industry of Taiwan. 1263 copies of the questionnaire were sent out. A total of 186 organizations (of which 174 were usable) responded to this survey at a response rate of 14.73%. The results indicate that the degree of organizations’ dependence on their key component suppliers and their aggressiveness toward going green have significant influence on the adoption of SRM practices, and in turn, the exchange costs during the trading process. If organizations are aggressive toward going green, they will choose numerous supplier management practices to ensure suppliers realize their requirements. The overall exchange cost of these organizations is relatively low. In contrast, when organizations are not aggressive toward going green, they will less emphasize on managing their supplier on green issues. As a result of this is the high overall exchange cost. Moreover, among the ten supplier management practices investigated, ‘relationship quality’ is found to be the most effective practice in reducing the overall exchange cost. With this respect, it is suggested that organizations should set a common goal with their suppliers, take quality as first priority, and understand each other’s needs on a trust basis.