效果與反思：公安機關刑事執法質量考評機制實證研究

Effect and Reflection: The Empirical Study on Effective Evaluating System of the Criminal Law Enforcement by the Public Security Agency

實證研究表明，公安機關的刑事執法質量考評機制具有考評結果排名化，考評主體的內部性與廣泛性，考評方式多元化，考評方法以定量為主、定性為輔，考評程序的行政化與有限性等特徵。從效果層面分析，當下的考評機制在較大程度上能夠發現刑事執法中存在的問題，且具有相當的經濟性與可操作性，但存在的問題主要是“競賽式”考評意圖比較明顯，整體上法治化程度不高。這套機制的形成主要與全面推進依法治國背景下嚴格執法與公正司法的政策性要求、數位化時代公安執法指標化、流程化管理的技術要求及公安執法應對公眾訴求的策略要求有關。從長遠發展的圖景觀之，考評機制應實現“競賽式”考評向“法治化”考評轉變，即考評主體的外部性、考評指標的“科學化”與考評問題的實體化。當然，由於考評機制的科層化，指標構建標準科學化程度不高，指標功能的有限性等問題，考評機制雖有助於提升但卻不能成為檢測公安機關刑事執法品質的唯一尺度，還需在考評之外結合其他機制共同完成。

Empirical studies indicate that some basic features, such as: results ranking, the intemality and the extensiveness of the subject, diversity of assessment methods, mainly quantitative study, qualitative as complementary and the administration and limitation of procedure, showed in effective evaluating system of the criminal Law enforcement by the public security agency. The analysis from the effect level shows that the system can largely reveal the the issue of universality in criminal enforcement, which has considerable economicability and operability. But the weakness is purposely 'competition' evaluation, and lack of legalization in the overall degree. The formation of this system is under the background of comprehensively promoting the rule of law, with the requirement of strict enforcement of law and judicial justice; with the requirement of standardization and routing management in law enforcement in the digital age; with the requirement of the response to public demands in democracy and legislation age. In the long run, the system should transfer from 'competition' to 'legalization', that is the externalities of the subject, the scientization of evaluation indicators, and the materialization of evaluating problem. Due to the low level of scientization of evaluation indicators and the limitation of indicators' function, the system is not the sole criterion of evaluation, but it can be facilitated, which need combine with other methods to evaluate the effectiveness of the criminal law enforcement.