論民法第八七六條之法定地上權

A Study on Legal Superficies of Article 876 in Taiwanese Civil Code

本文首先釐清我國房地利用權之規範體系，指出在法律條文的適用關係上，應當認為民法第876 條關於抵押物拍賣的記載，是民法第838-1 條關於強制執行拍賣的特別規範，而民法第876 條與第838-1 條關於法院拍賣的明文，又均為民法第425-1 條關於所有權讓與的特別規定。其次，本文論述民法第876 條之解釋適用，依序說明在民法增訂第425-1 條規定以前，民法第876 條之規定承載著提供抵押物拍賣之房地利用權、以及蘊藉房地利用權之一般性法則的兩大功能。惟在民法增訂第425-1 條規定以後，民法第876 條所謂土地及其上之建物同屬於一人所有的概念，須回歸房地同屬一人之物權法理解，從而不應類推適用於房地所有人彼此間具共有關係、親屬關係之案型，亦無類推適用於房地所有人相互間具合建關係、借名登記之事例。

The purpose of this article is to analyze the legal superficies of Article 876 in Taiwanese Civil Code. This article is divided into three parts. Firstly, it explains the application relationship among Article 876, Article 838-1, and Article 425-1 of Civil Code. Secondly, it relates the function and notion of “the land and a building on such land both owned by the same person”. It argues that we should understand this notion according to a criterion of Rights In Rem. Finally, it concludes by offering several propositions to the doctrine and practice of Taiwanese civil Law.