民事訴權合同研究－－兼論我國司法裁判經驗對法學理論發展的影響

Research on the Contract of Civil Right of Action: The Influences of Judicial Experience on the Development of Legal Theory

訴權是程序法上的主觀權。在不違反程序法的前提下，當事人有權依意思自治原則對訴權進行自由處分。訴權合同是當事人進行訴權處分的表現形式。我國民事司法實務對訴權合同的合法性予以認可，並且自發形成了較為成熟的裁判經驗。憲法訴權說和訴權人權論等觀點不符合經驗性常識，是一種誤導。我國司法裁判經驗與法國、德國、日本等傳統大陸法系國家的訴權理論及其司法實踐不謀而合，而我國民事訴權理論的研究卻遠未能滿足司法實務要求。民事訴訟研究中的“理論脫離實踐”問題亟需得到改變。

The right of action is the subjective right in procedural law. Under the premise of not violating the procedure law, the parties have the right to freely dispose of the right of action according to the principle of autonomy of will. The contract is an expression form of the parties to dispose of the right of action. The civil judicial practice of our country has recognized the legitimacy of the contract of right of action, and has formed some mature judicial experience. It is clear that the theories such as the constitutional right of action and the human rights of action are not in conformity with the empirical knowledge. The legal theory and judicial practice of France, Germany, Japan and other civil law countries are consistent with the judicial experience in China. Our civil action theory has failed to meet the requirements of judicial practice. In the civil procedure research, the problem of 'theory divorced from practice' needs to be changed.