論反於真實之認領：瑞士民法、德國民法與我國民法之比較觀察

非婚生子女經生父認領者，依民法第1065條第1項前段規定視為婚生子女，而與生父發生法律上父子關係。惟如認領人主張自己為生父，然其實際上並無真實血緣連繫而非生父之情形，此等反於真實之認領是否仍能有效發生認領效力，即是否仍能有效發生法律上父子關係，對此我國多數學說見解及法院實務係採取否定的見解，而與比較法上之發展有著相當之差異。本文就此進行全面性之檢視，同時並對於我國認領規範內容所繼受之瑞士民法，以及現行法採取相同立法例之德國民法相關規範進行探討。解釋上應認為，認領不以真實血緣連繫為要件，認領之有效性並不取決於認領人與非婚生子女間是否具有真實血緣連繫，反於真實之認領係屬有效但得加以否認或撤銷，方能保障非婚生子女之利益，並符合血緣法制之整體價值判斷。

A child without marital status is deemed as whom with marital status through the recognition of the father according to Art. 1065 (1) sentence 1 of the Civil Code of Taiwan. The legal parent-child relationship between father and child is therefore established. If the recognizer who has no true connection of parentage with the child declares himself as the father, i.e. the recognizer is not the true biological father, the majority of academic opinion and judicial practices reject the validity of recognition and legal parent-child relationship arising from such kind of recognition. This significantly differs from the development of comparative laws. This thesis examines this issue overall. The objects of the examination includes the relevant provisions in the Swiss Civil Code, from which the provisions of the recognition of the Civil Code of Taiwan received the content, and the provisions in the German Civil Code, which includes the same regulatory model as the provisions in the Civil Code of Taiwan. The connection of parentage is explanatorily considered not necessary for the recognition. The validity of recognition is independent of the connection of parentage between recognizer and child without marital status. The recognition without true connection of parentage is valid but deniable or revocable. Therefore this protects the interests of children without marital status and conforms with the overall value decision of the provisions of parentage.