從國際海洋法規範海盜定義論我國海盜罪立法之妥適性

The Review of the Taiwan Legislation of the Crime of Piracy from the Perspective of International Law

近來，索馬利亞海盜猖獗，我國屬於東南亞之海島型國家，臺灣海峽及附近海域海盜問題嚴重，我國遠洋漁船在索馬利亞海域頻受海盜之苦；海盜罪，無論在公海或一國領海內，對於其他船舶之掠奪及強暴攻擊行為，不僅打擊阻斷國際海上貿易，亦危及船上人員之生命、身體之安危，為遏止海盜犯罪，海洋法公約規定任何國家均取得海盜行為管轄權，於內國逮捕後，得依各自刑事訴訟法規定於國內追訴、審判並處罰之，使各國取得普遍性管轄權，顯見國際間共同打擊海盜犯罪之決心及實踐。但國際間打擊海盜不能僅靠國際公約，亦應落實相關國際公約之規範於內國法，本文以國際海洋法規範為中心，分別探討公海公約、海洋法公約及制止危害航行安全非法行為公約相關之海盜及海上劫船之定義。其次，以我國刑法海盜罪為基礎，探討我國海盜罪相關構成要件，並自國際法規範角度，評析檢視我國海盜罪規範及法務部於101年所提出海盜罪章修正條文草案。本文自上述脈絡，認為海盜罪修法，宜採納國際公約規範，並提出修法建議而與國際法規範接軌，若有海盜行為發生時，方與國際規範形成相同之法秩序。

Recently, rampant piracy by Somali pirates has troubled many countries, the Taiwan cross-straight and regional sea areas. Pirates not only hamper international trade, but also jeopardize the safety of vessels and the lives of those onboard. In order to restrain the crime ofpi racy, the United Nations Convention on the Law ofthe Sea employs universal jurisdiction, which allows any country to arrest, try, and punish pirates. Certainly, nations cannot rely solely on international conventions, but must also incorporate the international conventions into domestic law. This article analyzes three major international conventions regarding the crime ofpir acy, and then examines piracy in the Code ofCr iminal Law and its amendments proposed by the Ministry ofJus tice. In the context illustrated above, this article provides amendments that seek to align the crime of piracy in the Code ofCr iminal Law with the definition ofpir acy ofth e international convention in order to meet with the international standard.