美軍營區管理法制架構中指揮官固有權力

Commander's Inherent Authority in the Institution and Framework of US Military Installation Regulations

國防軍事法規之規範項目應涵蓋所有軍隊指揮事項，所維護之核心法益必然為國防安全、軍隊紀律、戰備整備及領導統御。以現代社會中軍隊與民間交流頻繁及相互影響現況，國防軍事法規中涉及營區管理部分，不應僅限於對內發生效力。對於要求快速反應及指揮效率之軍隊而言，我國法制架構對於國防軍事法規應有之執行力及效力，顯然制肘。美國之國防軍事法制，尊重專業及指揮官固有權力，授權各級指揮官制定法規，充實法案執行內容。又因軍種法規與國會法案法律位階相同，營區管制法規對於非軍人同樣具有拘束力及執行力。他山之石可以攻錯，值此國軍營區管制迭受輿情關注之際，參考美國立法例，制定營區管制專法，充分授權訂定法規命令，以保障軍事安全。

National defense security, military discipline, operational readiness, and leadership are the core rechtsgut which should be embedded in the national defense and military regulations mandating all the military commanding affairs. Due to the frequent interaction between the military and the civilian, the military regulations should have binding effects on the civilians so that national defense interests could be protected. Nonetheless, the legislators do not own specialty in military affairs, and the lengthy legislative process impedes the efficiency of military commanding and prompt law enforcement against violations. Military interests are thus being jeopardized. The commander's inherent authority is the core of US military regulations and statutes. Military commanders are therefore authorized to issue directives for law enforcement and management of installations or barracks with the same binding authority as federal statutes. The US legislations and rulemakings may be taken as proper references in our instance so that military security may be well maintained.