博物館成人觀眾對話之內容分析

The Content Analysis of the Conversations of Adult Museum Visitors

成人觀眾向來是國內外博物館的主力觀眾，而展示是觀眾學習的主要管道，因此檢視博物館現有展示，並提出建議及改善措施，便成為博物館實務工作的重要議題。目前國內外以科學博物館家庭團體對話的研究為主，有關藝術文化類博物館成人觀眾對話缺乏探討，因此有深入研究的價值。本研究旨在分析國立故宮博物院玉器常設展成人觀眾的對話類型，了解其在展示中停駐及對話的情形，探究成人觀眾的對話與展示之間的關係，藝術文化背景者與非藝術文化背景者的成人觀眾，所呈現的對話是否具有差異？其差異為何？本研究採用立意取樣，以經常參觀藝術文化類博物館的成人觀眾為對象，共計20名，2人為一組，形成10組成人觀眾團體參與本研究，並運用內容分析法之量化分析，以期能解析成人觀眾的對話。研究結果發現，成人觀眾的對話以知覺對話最多，具備藝術文化背景與否，對於受訪者在引述、複雜概念、知識連結的表現有顯著影響。最後，本文依據研究發現，針對博物館展示提出相關改善建議。

Adults constitute the majority of museum visitors both locally and abroad and exhibitions are visitors' main conduit for learning. This makes the evaluation of exhibitions and provision of recommendations and improvement measures a vitally important subject for museum staff. Presently, the focus of domestic and international research is on the conversations of family groups in science museums. However, study of adult visitor conversations for arts and cultural museums also comprises significant research value. This study is designed to explore conversation categories and their distribution for adult visitors at the Jade Exhibition in the National Palace Museum. The results of this assessment are used to provide recommendations and strategies for improving adult visitor conversations. The permanent Jade Exhibition at the National Palace Museum is the site for this study. A purposive sampling method is used with adult visitors whom frequently visit art and cultural museums being the object of study. A total of 20 adult visitors, divided into 10 teams with 2 visitors in each group, participated in this study. This investigation applies quantitative content analysis to analyze conversations of visitors. Results of this study presented that perceptual talk is the type of conversation adult visitors engage in the most with responses on quotation, complex concept, and knowledge-connection clearly influenced by the interviewee's personal background in the arts and cultural studies. Finally, suggestions on improvements for the exhibition are also presented.