宜蘭龜山島方言的語音變異與變化

Sound Variation and Change in the Dialect of Guishan Island

龜山島方言有宜蘭方言典型的漳音特色[u~i~]，也有溪北方言特有〈香姜〉類、〈香恭〉類讀[iN]的特點，其元音系統為/i、e、a、u、ç/的對稱五元音系統，與宜蘭方言的六元音不同。本文探討三個問題：（1）跟溪北的頭城、礁溪比較起來，龜山島方言是否保留更多漳音特點[u‚i]以及〈香姜〉類、〈香恭〉類讀[iN]的特點；（2）龜山島方言元音系統的變異；（3）影響龜山島特殊方音音變的社會因素。為了回答上述問題，本文採用詞彙表，總計調查88位受訪者，年齡層有老、中、青三代，主要的分析材料來自龜山島52位居民的語料。我們的調查發現，與頭城、礁溪相較起來，龜山島方言保存更多漳州音特色[u~i~]及〈香姜〉類、〈香恭〉類讀[iN]的特點。龜山島方言是/o/、/ç/不分的對稱五元音系統，由於結構對稱，並且是最自然、無標的元音系統，因此極為穩固，少有變異。年齡是影響龜山島方言音變最顯著的社會因素，性別的影響並不顯著。

The dialect of Guishan Island in Yilan County has the typical final[u~i~]of the Changchou-type accent as well as the final[iN]found in other dialects. The vowel system/i、e、a、u、ç/ of this dialect is also different from that of other dialects in Yilan (/i、e、a、u、ç/). This paper examines the dialect of Guishan Island to determine if it preserves the feature[u~i~] of Changchou-type accent more than other dialects in Yilan County; the paper also looks at sound variation and change in the Guishan Island dialect and the social factors that result in the change. With vocabulary tables, I investigated 88 informants from different generations. The main materials for analysis are from 52 senor, middle-aged and young informants, all inhabitants of Guishan Island. The study shows that the dialect of Guishan Island does preserve more of [u~i~] and[iN]than the dialects of Toucheng Town and Jiaoxi Town. The vowel system of this dialect does not distinguish /o/from /ç/, and its vowel system /i、e、a、u、ç/ makes this dialect stable with little variation. Lastly, the main social linguistic factor that brings about sound change appears to be age rather than gender.