論楊向奎的經今古文學觀

On Yang Xiangkui and His View of New Text and Old Text Confucianism

楊向奎是當代著名的學者，他雖然以史學聞名於當代中國學界，但其一生撰述甚豐，所涵蓋的領域並不限於史學，亦包含經學、哲學、學術史等方面，甚至還跨出了人文學術的領域，而涉及於自然科學的範圍。儘管如此，但他最重要、影響最大，也最為人所熟知的學術表現仍在於他對中國古史的研究方面，而這又與他學術的源頭，即以顧頡剛為首的古史辨派有著密不可分的關係。雖然楊向奎的經學研究受到顧頡剛的強烈影響，但他在今古文問題上的態度和立場卻屢屢與顧門唱反調，不但多次公開聲明自己不是古史辨派，更在晚年的自述中，明確宣稱他從大三後就不相信古史辨派的學術，認為是今文學派的偏見。他一生在經學領域撰著的論著幾乎都圍繞著今古文學的問題打轉，不論是1949年以前的早年階段，或1950-1960年代的中年階段，乃至1970-80年代以後的晚年階段，他在各個階段中所進行的經學研究皆與今古文學脫離不了關係。由此可知，今古文學問題是楊向奎一生致力研究的課題，因此欲了解楊向奎的經學，不從今古文學問題入手，將是難以得其體要的。楊向奎對今古文經學相關議題的論辨，包括《左傳》《周禮》真偽與今古文學之爭辯、今古文學和漢代經學與政治的關係，以及今古文學的綜合論述等，本文擬在在學界既有的相關研究基礎上，儘可能地爬梳、整理楊向奎對這些議題的論證，並對其研究成果、學術特色以及和顧頡剛的關係做一番公允客觀的評估。

This paper aims to examine Yang Xiangkui's view of New Text and Old Text Confucianism and the influence of Gu Jiegang on his studies of Confucian Classics. Yang Xiangkui, a well-established history scholar, has been noted for his studies of Chinese ancient history. Yang's discussions of Confucian Classics in three life stages (from his early age before 1949, to his middle age in the 1950-1960, to his late years in 1970-1980) have been focused on the issue of New Text and Old Text Confucianism. As the core of Yang's studies, this issue involves discussions such as the authenticity of texts like Zuozhuan and Rites of Zhou; relations between politics and studies of Confucian Classics in Han Dynasty. And the studies on Yang's view of New Text and Old Text Confucianism cannot do without discussing Ku shih pien school, a school led by history scholar Gu Jiegang. Despite being deeply influenced by Gu, Yang's studies of Confucian Classics often defies and even denies Gu, claiming that the so called “Ku shih pien school,” or the school of doubting ancient history, only betrays the prejudice of Jin-wen (New-Text) school.