宋代詩人贈相士詩探討

Poem Presentation to Physiognomists in the Song Dynasty

文稿首先從《全宋詩》及《全宋詩訂補》檢出兩宋詩人有贈相士詩者凡138人，詩作427題、482首，並將其分為北宋、南渡、南宋、遺民四期，以觀其發展情形。然後探討四個課題：一、詩人贈詩相士的原因是什麼？文稿從相士與詩人兩方面，加以考察。二、相士的出身如何？相士出身多數是習儒不成而改習相學，多為考場敗將。三、詩人對占卜的態度如何？約可分為三類，（一）贊揚，（二）半信半疑，（三）主張提高層次，以「理」來統攝占相。四、詩人的價值觀如何？詩人所標榜的價值觀是以心靈的自由為目的。

The Complete Song Poems and the Supplemented Complete Song Poems record 138 Song poets that have presented their poems to physiognomists, 482 presented poems, and 427 titles of these poems. To observe the development of this culture, this study classifies related information into four groups according to their times: the Northern Song, the transition from the Northern Song to the Southern Song, the Southern Song, and the period after the fall of the Southern Song. The following four issues are investigated: (1) the reason why the poets write poems to physiognomists, (2) the backgrounds of the physiognomists, (3) the poets' attitudes toward divination, and (4) the poets' values. It is ascertained that most physiognomists have worked hard on Confucian studies for the imperial examination but failed it, and that they praise divination, half doubt it, or conduct it with li (principle). As for the poets, what they value is the freedom of the mind.