《瑜伽經》中的三昧與佛教三昧的比較

A Comparative Study of the Samādhi between Yoga Sūtra and Buddhism

瑜伽派與佛教的禪修方法都源於印度遠古的禪定。在禪修的內容上，它們互相借鑒，互相影響。對於三昧的境界，瑜伽與佛教各有各的描述和說法，將瑜伽派與佛教三昧交叉對照，既可以補充我們對於瑜伽三昧的理解，也有益於認識佛教三昧的層次。本文經過分析認為，佛教的無想三昧等同於無相三昧（《大智度論》中稱為無種三昧），與《瑜伽經》中的無種三昧相同，但比《瑜伽經》的無想三昧境界更高，因為後者仍殘留過去的行力。《瑜伽經》的法雲三昧和佛教法雲三昧的內容不同，然而都是各自解脫的最高境界。

The meditation practices of yoga sect, as well as that of the Buddhism, originates from the dhyana of ancient India. They exercise a considerable influence upon each other. Samādhi is a high level of meditation, for which both Yoga sect and Buddhism have their own accounts. A comparison of the varying states of Samādhis will serve to our understanding them. Our analyses arrive at these conclusions: Buddhism's asaṃprajñāta samādhi is equivalent to animitta samādhi, nirbīja samādhi in the Mahāprajśāpāramita Upadeśa and nirbīja samādhi in the Yoga Sūtra. All these concepts are more advanced than Yoga Sūtra's asaṃprajñāta, as the latter bears remnants from its past karma. Though the dharmamegha samādhi differs between Buddhism and Yoga Sūtra, it is the ultimate liberation of both.