記憶、權力、身體──觀看文昌信仰中的文化展演與社會意義

Memory, Power, Body: A Discussion of the Cultural Presentation and Social Effect at the Faith of Wenchang Spirit

本論文乃欲從文昌信仰出發，觀看其於文化中之展演，析論文昌信仰對於社會之意義，並觀察文昌信仰在與社會互動下呈現出哪些面貌，探討兩者是如何互相作用與影響，此為本文之研究目的。本文之研究範圍，以文昌信仰為核心，旁及宗教社會學之相關研究。本文從文化記憶中的概念轉移：從「星神文昌」到「人神梓潼」、政治場域下的權力拉扯；從「先天孔子」到「附會不經」、以及陰騭觀念下的身體展演；從「積極預防」到「消極懲罰」等三方面來進行研究。透過上述三個主題的研究，以描繪出文昌信仰中的社會意義與文化展演，此為本文之研究結果。經由本文的撰寫，希望能深廣文昌信仰研究，從社會學的角度觀察在此岸世界的文昌帝君，於社會上是以何種形象及文化象徵存在於每個人的集體記憶中。觀看社會中文昌信仰的各種文化展演，細緻的梳理出文昌信仰的社會意義，透顯宗教與社會間之緊密不可切割性。並期望讀者可透過閱讀本文，瞭解個體之我與集體之我，是以何種面貌顯現在這社會與宗教交互拼貼而成的圖像之上，此為本文之貢獻與價值所在。

This article attempts to discuss the cultural presentations and social effects of the faith of Wenchang Spirit; and, observe how society and the faith of Wenchang Spirit interact and influence each other. Its research scope focuses on the faith of Wenchang Spirit and Sociology of Religion. This article takes the social and structural functionalism as an approach. It discusses issues such as: the transfer concept of the faith of Wenchang Spirit, the conflict of power relations within political and academic communities, and how the faith of Wenchang Spirit controls individual and social bodies. By observing, through a sociological perspective, the faith of Wenchang Spirit’s social positions and cultural memories in people’s mind, this article expects to advance the research of the faith of Wenchang Spirit. It displays the inseparability between religions and the society; and, helps readers understand how an individual body and a social body show up on the interlaced society. This is the significance and the value of this article.