佛教文史五考

Five Rectifications of the History and Literature of Buddhism

佛教文史掌故極多，本文僅就閱讀所得，對幾個問題深入考究，並依時代先後彙錄成篇。文中認為「竹林七賢」與佛教格義毫無關聯，其名稱之所以騰颺，謝安口述傳布，居功甚偉；孫盛雖年長於謝安，卻不宜粗率論定「竹林七賢」之名始於孫盛《魏氏春秋》。慧琳、惠休則是南朝劉宋時期的名僧，兩人活躍年代有別，卻頻遭混淆，今皆一一予以釐清。徐陵〈與李那書〉寫來「神骨甚清」，與李那的函覆皆藏機鋒。此書取用法華「會三歸一」典實，故所謂「二乘斯悟」的「二乘」，應指權教二乘人，不應解為大乘與小乘。至於〈證道歌〉為永嘉玄覺所作；惠洪臨終前一年已重敘僧籍，文中各節亦俱有辨正。

The allusions of Buddhism are so numerous that the study is only to probe into several questions enlightened after reading. The study suggests that 'Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove' were in no relation to the translation methodology of Buddhism at all. The reason that the title was prevalent should be greatly attributed to Sie An by word of mouth; despite Sun Sheng's being elder than Sie An, it is inappropriate to roughly claim that the title of 'Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove' originated in Sun, Sheng's Wei's Spring and Autumn Annals. Huei-Lin and Huei-Siou were prestigious monks during Liou-Song Period of Southern Dynasty. There has been, however, con-fusion regarding the eras during which the two were active, an issue that will be clari-fied in the study as well. A Letter to Li, Nuo is an inspiring work by Syu, Ling, with the allusion 'the three vehicles leading to the ultimate goal of Buddhahood' from Fahua Jing; therefore, the so-called 'two vehicles' of 'the awakening of two vehicles' should well be Sravaka and Pratyekabuddha (the hearers and the self-enlightened), instead of Mahayana (The Greater Vehicle) and Hinayana (The Lesser Vehicle). The following facts are also to be rectified in the study: Jheng Dao Ge was composed by Syuan-Jyue of Yong-Jia; Huei-Hong had regained his official status as a monk one year ahead of his death.