東協成立政府間人權委員會之分析

An Analysis of ASEAN Establishing the Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights

東南亞國家協會（東協）於2009年成立東協政府間人權委員會，一反其40年來對聯合國倡議成立區域人權機制之漠視。究竟東協為何成立區域人權機構？現有的文獻已從理性論和觀念論兩種研究途徑探討過，但其解釋力各有不足。本文仍從理性論的觀點出發，但不同於文獻所強調的東協集體理性，本文強調個別會員國的理性，因為以往文獻在分析層次的選擇上採取了較宏觀的視角，但結果卻是無法完全解釋東權會的成立。本文仍採用理性論的研究途徑，但補充以較微觀的視角，主張東協成立東權會是東協個別會員國基於各自利益的考量、理性選擇的結果。本文運用過程追跡研究法，將東協人權機制的發展史分成三個重要里程碑，以便深入探討個別國家的理性排序和選擇。本文發現從個別國家的理性角度切入，可以具有一致性地解釋東協成立東權會的三大里程碑，即1993年東協部長會議宣布考慮建立區域人權機制、2007年東協憲章納入人權機構、2009年印菲泰馬四國接受不符其共同立場之東權會章程。

The ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR) was created in 2009 by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) , a move contrary to its ignoring of the United Nations' forty-year advocacy. Why did ASEAN member states create the AICHR?A review of the literature found two types of arguments: rationalist and deationalist, but neither of them is satisfactory enough to explain why the AICHR was created. This article adopts a rationalist perspective with the emphasis on ASEAN member states' ndividual rationality instead of ASEAN's collective rationality, which the literature have focused. It is found that the employment of individual rationality can consistently explain three milestone events during ASEAN's creation of AICHR.