日本四期〈防衛計畫大綱〉制定模式之轉變：政官分工架構之逐漸成形

Shifts of Japan's Defense Policymaking: The Emerging Division of Labor between Political and Bureaucratic Elites

日本「防衛計畫大綱」的制定模式隨內外環境變化，政治菁英與官僚的政策功能不斷改變，而政官之間互動也成為影響防衛政策內容的主因。過去四期的制定模式變化從冷戰期間高度左右意識形態對立下政治菁英消極參與及官僚有限主導、冷戰後政黨脆弱共識下政治菁英有限參與及官僚有限主導、到 911 事件後內閣強力主導下官僚被動配合、與民主黨執政下的多元政治參與及官僚擔任專業幕僚，逐漸形成政官分工架構。其中，內閣與執政黨負責提供政治領導、政策方向、與政黨間共識形成；防衛官僚認知國際局勢變化，從國防現實面提供政策建議。

The making of Japan's National Defense Program Guidelines (NDPG) has been shifting from a limited bureaucratic-centric model under domestic ideological confrontation and political elites' limited participation during and after the Cold War to the division of labor between political and bureaucratic elites during Koizumi's “Kantei Diplomacy” and the Democratic Party of Japan(DPJ)era. The Cabinet and ruling party provide political leadership, policy direction, and consensus formation in the ruling coalition. The defense bureaucrats are in charge of providing realistic policy suggestion from analyzing external changes and threats, while the diplomatic bureaucrats internalize the U.S. opinions into the policymaking process to transform U.S.-Japan alliance as the major mean to meet Japan's security ends.