離婚過後、親職仍在：建構判決離婚親職教育方案的模式初探

After Divorce, We are still Parents: Establishing Parenting Education Programs for Judicial Divorce

本研究旨在檢視父母在離婚訴訟過程中，造成子女適應困難的作為為何，並探討在臺灣實施判決離婚親職教育方案的可能模式。本研究以焦點團體方式蒐集質性資料；研究參與者為 14 位法官和九位父母離異的成年子女。研究結果顯示，在離婚訴訟過程中，造成子女適應困難的父母作為包括：要求小孩選邊站、父母離間、禁止會面交往、搶奪及拐帶子女、扶養費之爭執、情緒移轉、父母因離婚打擊對子女照顧異常、父母因互相猜忌而放大檢視子女照顧議題。離婚父母親職教育方案可能的實施模式包括普同式的強制性親職教育和個別式的強制性親職教育。配套措施需包括建立法源基礎、主管機關的協調合作和穩定的人力經費。個別式的強制性親職教育的配套措施需另包括評估機制、父母和子女的創傷修復，以及社區資源的連結。本研究對推行判決離婚父母親職教育的制度提出以下建議：修法是當務之急、實施多元的親職教育模式、建立本土化的親職教育課程和人力培訓、對婚暴案件應有特別的考量。

The purpose of this study is to examine the parental actions affecting children’s adjustment during the divorce process, in order to establish parenting education programs for couples filing for divorce in Taiwan. The present study collected qualitative data from 9 adult children of divorced parents and 14 judges who had attended focus groups. The research results show that children may suffer from divorcing parents’ actions which damage parental connections and entail improper care, including: asking children to choose between parents; parental alienation; prohibiting children from seeing one of their parents; snatching or abducting children; arguing over child financial support; emotion transference; improper care by parents who have mental illness symptoms due to divorce; and improper care due to inter-parental opposition and suspicion. The possible implementation models for parenting education programs include: universal requirements for filing for divorce and individualized implementation for special cases. The supporting measures for implementing mandatory parenting education programs for all divorcing parents include: establishing relevant laws and regulations, and cooperation between authorities to secure funding and manpower. Additional supporting measures for implementing individualized parenting education program include assessment, trauma therapy for parents and children, and community resources referrals. The suggestions for practice include: establishing laws and regulations, implementing diverse programs, establishing culturally appropriate materials for parenting education programs for divorcing parents, and giving special consideration to cases involving domestic violence.