出口與進口的生產力效果－－與貿易內涵與目的地有關嗎？

Productivity Effects of Exporting and Importing: Do What and Where You Trade Matter?

本文檢視貿易的生產力效果。不同於過去研究著重在貿易量的影響。本文考慮貿易內涵的異質性所可能產生的不同傳遞效果，包括貿易商品種類、國家、價格以及加工貿易型態。採用中國電子業的「廠商/商品別」合併資料進行實證研究，結果發現與先進國家進行出口，加工出口，以及具較高平均商品價格的出口，對於廠商的生產力具有正向顯著的影響，但出口商品種類數則無顯著關聯。相同的，進口的異質性也對廠商生產力具不同的影響。此外，中國國內廠商因貿易獲致的生產力效果大於外資企業。

This paper investigates the productivity effect of trade by focusing on various types of trades. Aside from trade volume, the trade heterogeneity we consider includes variety, destination, unit price, and trade type. Based on within-firm-product panel data on China’s electronics industry, we confirm a productivity gain from export when firms trade with developed countries, undertake process trade, and have a higher unit price, but not for firms exporting a greater variety of goods. These heterogeneities in imports also matter to promoting productivity. Moreover, the productivity-enhancing effect of trade varies between domestic and foreign firms, whereby domestic firms benefit more from international trade.