兩岸製造業專業分工型態變化與競爭關係之變遷

CROSS-STRAIT PRODUCTION FRAGMENTATION AND COMPETITION IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

隨著貿易自由化的持續推展，企業在面對全球化的競爭下，為爭取具競爭力之生產要素及降低成本，生產逐漸走向全球化，國際分工體系因而形成。本文採用多國產業關聯架構下之世界投入產出表，估算兩岸及亞洲主要國家製造業部門於1995至2011年的國際專業分工指數，藉以分析兩岸在不同互動區域考量下，產業競合關係之演變及未來所應重視發展之產業; 此外，也利用panel data 模型，估計並分析影響製造業專業分工程度的主要因素，以提供擬定產業發展策略之參考。本文分析結果顯示，從國際專業分工角度來看，目前我國製造業國際分工程度仍較中國大陸高，也較日韓為高，不過，由計量實證估計的結果，我們也發現對已開發國家而言，通常產業附加價值率的上升會伴隨著國際專業分工程度的下降，也就是說，當經濟發展逐漸成熟，產業生產逐漸以生產及出口最終消費產品為主的時候，附加價值率反而會提升。有鑑於此，我國在邁向已開發國家的過程中，製造業面臨中國大陸競爭時應該逐漸調整，朝技術創新、升級及高附加價值的方向發展，而不是僅侷限於擔任其他已開發國家國際生產分工的一份子而沾沾自喜。

Following the global trend of trade liberalization, firms are inevitably fac- ing fiercer competition, and joining the international production fragmentation systemhas become a natural choice for them. This paper estimates the index of production fragmentation (IPF) of manufacturing for Taiwan, China and other major Asian countries for the years 1995 to 2011, using World Input-Output Ta- bles, to examine the changing competition and cooperation relationship be- tween Taiwan and China under different trade area considerations. In addition, a panel data model is estimated to figure out the factors contributing to the changes in IPF. Our results show that Taiwan’s manufacturing still plays amore important role in international production fragmentation than China and other Asian countries. However, our panel estimation results reveal that for developed economies, an increase in value-added ratio is accompanied by a reduction in the degree of international production fragmentation. As such, upgrading the technology and focusing on producing final goods to increase the added value will become the most important strategy for Taiwan’s manufacturing in facing the competition fromChina.